29.12 - ¾Ëµ¥È÷µå(±× ¹ÛÀÇ »ê¼Ò°ü´É °áÇÕÀ» ÇÑ °ÍÀÎÁö¿¡ »ó°ü¾ø´Ù), ¾Ëµ¥È÷µåÀÇ È¯½ÄÁßÇÕü, ÆĶóÆ÷¸§¾Ëµ¥È÷µå
À̵éÀº Á¦1Â÷ ¾ËÄÚ¿ÃÀ» »êÈÇÏ¿© Çü¼ºµÇ´Â ÈÇÕ¹°·Î¼; ƯÀ¯ÇÑ ±â(group)¸¦ ÇÔÀ¯ÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù. À̵éÀº ÀϹÝÀûÀ¸·Î °ÇÑ ÀÚ±ØÀûÀÎ ³¿»õ¸¦ °¡Áö°í ÀÖ´Â ¹«»öÀÇ ¾×ü·Î¼; ¸¹Àº ¹æÇâÁ·(Û»úÅðé)ÀÇ ¾Ëµ¥È÷µå(aldehyde)°¡ °ø±â Áß¿¡¼ ½±°Ô »êÈÇÏ¿© »ê(acid)À¸·Î ÀüȯÇÑ´Ù. ±× ¹ÛÀÇ "±× ¹ÛÀÇ »ê¼Ò°ü´ÉÀÇ ¾Ëµ¥È÷µå(aldehyde, with other oxygen function)"´Â ¾ÕÀÇ Àý[¾ËÄڿá¤Æä³î(phenol)¡¤¿¡Å׸£(ether) µîÀÇ °ü´É±â]¿¡ ¿°ÅµÈ »ê¼Ò°ü´É±â¸¦ ÇÑ °³³ª ±× ÀÌ»óÀ¸·Î °¡Áö´Â ¾Ëµ¥È÷µå(aldehyde)¸¦ ¸»ÇÑ´Ù.(A) ¾Ëµ¥È÷µå(aldehyde)* (¥°) Æ÷Ⱥñȯ½Ä¾Ëµ¥È÷µå(saturated acyclic aldehyde) (1) ¸Þź¾Ë(Æ÷¸§¾Ëµ¥È÷µå)[methanal(formaldehyde)](HCHO) : Ã˸ſ¡ ÀÇÇÑ ¸Þź¿ÃÀÇ »êÈ¿¡ ÀÇÇÏ¿© ¾ò¾îÁø´Ù. ¹°¿¡ Àß ³ìÀ¸¸ç ÀÚ±ØÀûÀÎ ³¿»õ¸¦ Áö´Ñ ¹«»öÀÇ °¡½º·Î¼ ±× 40% ¼ö¿ë¾×Àº Æ÷¸£¸»¸°(formalin)À̳ª Æ÷¸£¸ô(formol)·Î ¾Ë·ÁÁ® ÀÖÀ¸¸ç ÄÚ¸¦ Â´Â µíÇÑ ÀÚ±ØÀûÀÎ ³¿»õ¸¦ Áö´Ñ ¹«»öÀÇ ¾×üÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ ¿ë¾×Àº ¾ÈÁ¤Á¦·Î¼ ¸Þź¿Ã(methanol)À» ÇÔÀ¯ÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù. ¸Þź¾Ë(methanal)Àº À¯±â ÇÕ¼º[¿°·á¡¤Æø¾à¡¤ÀÇ·á¿ëÇ°¡¤ÇÕ¼ºÀ¯¿¬Á¦(synthetic tanning agents)¡¤Çöó½ºÆ½ µî]¡¤¹æºÎÁ¦¡¤Å»ÃëÁ¦¿Í ȯ¿øÁ¦·Î »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù. (2) ¿¡Åº¾Ë(¾Æ¼¼Æ®¾Ëµ¥È÷µå)[ethanal(acetaldehyde)](CH3CHO) : ¿¡Åº¿Ã(ethanol)ÀÇ »êȳª ¾Æ¼¼Æ¿·»(acetylene)À¸·ÎºÎÅÍ ¾ò¾îÁø´Ù. À¯µ¿¼º¡¤ºÎ½Ä¼ºÀÌ ÀÖÀ¸¸ç °ú½Ç ³¿»õ¸¦ Áö´Ñ ¹«»öÀÇ ¾×ü·Î¼; °¡¿¬¼ºÀÌ°í Èֹ߼ºÀÌ ³ôÀ¸¸ç; ¹°¡¤¾ËÄڿðú ¿¡Å׸£(ether)¿Í Àß È¥ÇյȴÙ. Çöó½ºÆ½¡¤¹Ù´Ï½Ã(varnish)ÀÇ Á¦Á¶ ¿ø·á¿Í ¹æºÎÁ¦·Î¼ ÀǾà¿ë¿¡ »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù. (3) ºÎź¾Ë(ºÎÆ¿¾Ëµ¥È÷µå, Ç¥ÁØÀ̼ºÃ¼)[butanal(butyraldehyde, normal isomer)](CH3CH2CH2CHO) : ¹«»öÀÇ ¾×ü·Î¼ ¹°¡¤¾ËÄڿðú ¿¡Å׸£(ether)¿Í È¥ÇյǸç Çöó½ºÆ½¡¤Çâ·áÀÇ Á¦Á¶¿Í °í¹«°¡È² ÃËÁøÁ¦·Î »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù. (4) Çñź¾Ë(ÇñŸ¾Ëµ¥È÷µå, ÀγÅç)[heptanal(heptaldehyde, oenanthol)](CH3(CH2)5CHO) : ÇǸ¶ÀÚÀ¯(castor oil)¸¦ Áõ·ùÇÏ¿© ¾ò¾îÁö¸ç; °ÇÑ ³¿»õ¸¦ Áö´Ñ ¹«»öÀÇ ¾×üÀÌ´Ù. (5) ¿Áź¾Ë(Ä«ÇÁ¸±¾Ëµ¥È÷µå)[octanal(caprylaldehyde)](C8H16O); ³ë³¾Ë(Æç¶ó¸£°ï¾Ëµ¥È÷µå)[nonanal(pelargonaldehyde)](C9H18O); µ¥Ä¾Ë(Ä«ÇÁ¸£¾Ëµ¥È÷µå)[decanal(capraldehyde)](C10H20O); ¾ðµ¥Ä¾Ë(undecanal)(C11H22O); µµµ¥Ä¾Ë(¶ó¿ï¾Ëµ¥È÷µå)[dodecanal(lauraldehyde)](C12H24O) µî. À̵éÀº Çâ·á °ø¾÷ÀÇ ¿ø·á·Î »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù. (¥±) ºÒÆ÷Ⱥñȯ½Ä¾Ëµ¥È÷µå(unsaturated acyclic aldehyde) (1) ÇÁ·ÎÆæ¾Ë(¾ÆÅ©¸±¾Ëµ¥È÷µå¡¤¾ÆÅ©¶öµ¥È÷µå¡¤¾ÆÅ©·Ñ·¹ÀÎ)[propenal(acrylaldehyde, acraldehyde, acrolein)](CH2=CHCHO) : Áö¹æ¹°ÁúÀ» ÅÂ¿ï ¶§ »ý¼ºµÇ¸ç; ÀÚ±ØÀûÀÌ°í ¾´ ƯÀ¯ÀÇ ³¿»õ¸¦ Áö´Ñ ¾×ü·Î¼; À¯±â ÇÕ¼º¿¡ »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù. (2) 2-ºÎÅÙ¾Ë(Å©·ÎÅæ¾Ëµ¥È÷µå)[2-butenal(crotonaldehyde)](CH3CH=CHCHO) : °¡°øÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀº ¾ËÄÚ¿ÃÀÇ ÀÏÂ÷ Áõ·ù¹° Áß¿¡ Á¸ÀçÇϸç; ÀÚ±ØÀûÀÎ ³¿»õ¸¦ Áö´Ñ ¹«»öÀÇ ¾×üÀÌ´Ù. (3) ½ÃÆ®¶ö(citral) : ÁÁÀº ³¿»õ¸¦ Áö´Ñ ¾×ü·Î¼ źÁ¦¸°(tangerine)¡¤½ÃÆ®·Ð(citron)¡¤·¹¸óÀÇ Á¤À¯(essential oil)¿¡ Á¸ÀçÇϸç; ƯÈ÷ ·¹¸ó±×¶ó½ºÀ¯(lemon grass oil)¿¡ Á¸ÀçÇÑ´Ù. (4) ½ÃÆ®·Î³Ú¾Ëµ¥È÷µå(citronellaldehyde) : ½ÃÆ®·ÐÀ¯(citron oil)¿¡ Á¸ÀçÇÑ´Ù. (¥²) Æ÷ÈÁöȯ½Ä(cyclanic)¡¤ºÒÆ÷ÈÁöȯ½Ä(cyclenic)°ú ½ÃŬ·ÎÅ׸£Ææ(cycloterpenic) ¾Ëµ¥È÷µå (1) Æç¶õµå¶ö(phellandral)À̳ª Å×Æ®¶óÈ÷µå·Î Å¥¹Î¾Ëµ¥È÷µå(tetrahydrocuminaldehyde) : ȸÇâÀ¯(üíúÅêú : fennel oil)¿Í À¯Ä®¸³Åõ½ºÀ¯(eucalyptus oil)¿¡ Á¸ÀçÇÑ´Ù. (2) ½ÃŬ·Î½ÃÆ®¶ö A(cyclocitral A)¿Í B : ½ÃÆ®¶ö(citral)·ÎºÎÅÍ ¾ò¾îÁø´Ù. (3) Æ丱¾Ëµ¥È÷µå(perillaldehyde) : Æ丱¶ó ¸¸Å°³×½Ã½º(Perilla mankinensis)ÀÇ Á¤À¯(essential oil)¿¡ Á¸ÀçÇÑ´Ù. (4) »çÇÁ¶õ¾Ë(safranal) (¥³) ¹æÇâÁ·(Û»úÅðé) ¾Ëµ¥È÷µå(aromatic aldehyde) (1) º¥Áî¾Ëµ¥È÷µå(benzaldehyde)(C6H5CHO)* : ¾´ ¾Æ¸óµåÀÇ Æ¯À¯ÀÇ ³¿»õ¸¦ Áö´Ñ ±¼Àý¼ºÀÌ ³ôÀº ¹«»ö ¾×ü·Î¼; À¯±â ÇÕ¼º°ú; ÀǾà¿ë µî¿¡ »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù. (2) ½Å³²¾Ëµ¥È÷µå(cinnamaldehyde)(C6H5CH=CHCHO) : °ÇÑ °èÇÇ ³¿»õ¸¦ °¡Áø ±â¸§ °°Àº Ȳ»ö ¾×ü·Î¼; Çâ·á¿¡ »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù. (3) ¾ËÆľƹнų²¾Ëµ¥È÷µå(¥á-amylcinnamaldehyde) (4) 3-ÆĶó-Å¥¸Þ´Ò-2-¸ÞÆ¿ÇÁ·ÎÇǿ¾˵¥È÷µå(3-p-cumenyl-2-methylpropionaldehyde) (5) Æä´Ò¾Æ¼¼Æ®¾Ëµ¥È÷µå(phenylacetaldehyde)(C6H5CH2CHO) : È÷¾Æ½Å½º(hyacinths) ³¿»õ°¡ °ÇÑ ¾×ü·Î¼ Çâ·á¿¡ »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù. (B) ¾Ëµ¥È÷µå-¾ËÄڿ᤾˵¥È÷µå-¿¡Å׸£(ether)¡¤¾Ëµ¥È÷µå-Æä³î°ú ±× ¹ÛÀÇ »ê¼Ò°ü´É¾Ëµ¥È÷µå(aldehyde-alcohol, aldehyde-ether, aldehyde-phenol and aldehyde with other oxygen function) ¾Ëµ¥È÷µå¾ËÄÝ(aldehyde-alcohol)Àº ¾Ëµ¥È÷µå °ü´É±â¿Í ¾ËÄÚ¿Ã °ü´É±â¸¦ ÇÔÀ¯ÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Â ÈÇÕ¹°ÀÌ´Ù. ¾Ëµ¥È÷µå¿¡Å׸£(aldehyde-ehther)´Â ¿ª½Ã ¾Ëµ¥È÷µå±â(-CHO)¸¦ ÇÔÀ¯ÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Â ¿¡Å׸£(ether)ÀÌ´Ù. ¾Ëµ¥È÷µåÆä³î(aldehyde-phenol)Àº Æä³î¼ö»ê±â(C6H5OH)¿Í ¾Ëµ¥È÷µå±â(-CHO)¸¦ µ¿½Ã¿¡ ÇÔÀ¯ÇÏ´Â ÈÇÕ¹°ÀÌ´Ù. ¾Ëµ¥È÷µå¾ËÄÚ¿Ã(aldehyde-alcohol)¡¤¾Ëµ¥È÷µåÆä³î(aldehyde-phenol)¡¤¾Ëµ¥È÷µå¿¡Å׸£(aldehyde-ehther)ÀÇ °¡Àå ÁÖ¿äÇÑ °ÍÀº ´ÙÀ½°ú °°´Ù. (1) ¾Ëµ¹(aldol)(CH3CH(OH)CH2CHO) : ¾Æ¼¼Æ®¾Ëµ¥È÷µå(acetaldehyde)ÀÇ ¾Ëµ¹(aldol) ÃàÇÕÀ¸·Î ¾ò¾îÁö´Â; ¹«»öÀÇ ¾×ü·Î¼ ±×´ë·Î µÎ¸é °áÁ¤»óÀÇ µ¢¾î¸®·Î ÁßÇÕÇÑ´Ù[ÆĶöµ¹(paraldol)]. À¯±â ÇÕ¼º¡¤Çöó½ºÆ½ÀÇ Á¦Á¶¿Í ºÎÀ¯¼±±¤¿ëÀ¸·Î »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù. (2) È÷µå·Ï½Ã½ÃÆ®·Î³Ú¾Ëµ¥È÷µå(hydroxycitronellaldehyde)(C10H20O2) : ´ë´ÜÈ÷ °ÇÑ Àº¹æ¿ï²ÉÀÇ ³¿»õ¸¦ Áö´Ñ ¹«»öÀÇ ¾à°£ ½Ã·´ »óÅÂÀÇ ¾×ü·Î¼; Çâ·áÀÇ °íÂøÁ¦(fixative)·Î »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù. (3) ±Û¸®Äݾ˵¥È÷µå(glycollaldehyde)(HOCH2CHO) : ¹«»öÀÇ °áÁ¤Ã¼·Î °áÁ¤ÈÇÑ´Ù. (4) ¹Ù´Ò¸°(4-È÷µå·Ï½Ã-3-¸ÞÅå½Ãº¥Áî¾Ëµ¥È÷µå)[vanillin(4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzaldehyde)]* : 3,4-µðÈ÷µå·Ï½Ã-º¥Áî¾Ëµ¥È÷µå(ÇÁ·ÎÅäÄ«Å×Å¥¾Ëµ¥È÷µå)[3,4-dihydroxy-benzaldehyde(protocatechualdehyde)]ÀÇ ¸ÞÆ¿¿¡Å׸£(methyl ether)·Î¼; ¹Ù´Ò¶ó¿¡ Á¸ÀçÇÏ°í ±¤ÅÃÀÌ ÀÖ´Â ¹Ù´Ã ¸ð¾çÀ̳ª °áÁ¤¼º ¹é»ö °¡·çÀÌ´Ù. (5) ¿¡Æ¿¹Ù´Ò¸°(3-¿¡Åå½Ã-4-È÷µå·Ï½Ãº¥Áî¾Ëµ¥È÷µå)[ethylvanillin(3-ethoxy-4-hydroxybenzaldehyde)] : °í¿î ¹é»ö °áÁ¤Ã¼ (6) »ì¸®½Ç¾Ëµ¥È÷µå(¿À¸£Åä-È÷µå·Ï½Ãº¥Áî¾Ëµ¥È÷µå)[salicylaldehyde(o-hydroxybenzaldehyde)](HOC6H4CHO) : ¾´ ¾Æ¸óµåÀÇ Æ¯À¯ÀÇ ³¿»õ¸¦ Áö´Â ¹«»öÀÇ ±â¸§ °°Àº ¾×ü·Î¼ ÇÕ¼º Çâ·áÀÇ Á¦Á¶¿ëÀ¸·Î »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù. (7) 3,4-µðÈ÷µå·Ï½Ãº¥Áî¾Ëµ¥È÷µå(ÇÁ·ÎÅäÄ«Å×Å¥¾Ëµ¥È÷µå)((HO)2C6H3CHO) : ±¤Åà ÀÖ´Â ¹«»öÀÇ °áÁ¤Ã¼ (8) ¾Æ´Ï½º¾Ëµ¥È÷µå(anisaldehyde)(CH3OC6H4CHO)(ÆĶó-¸ÞÅå½Ãº¥Áî¾Ëµ¥È÷µå)(p-methoxybenzaldehyde). ¹«»öÀÇ ¾×ü·Î¼ ¾Æ´Ï½ºÀÇ ¿¸Å(aniseed)¿Í ȸÇâÀ¯(üíúÅêú : fennel oil)¿¡¼ ¹ß°ßµÈ´Ù. "È£µ· Á¤À¯(hawthorn essence)(aubepine : »ê»ç³ª¹«)"¶ó´Â À̸§À¸·Î Çâ·á¿¡ »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù. (C) ¾Ëµ¥È÷µå(aldehyde)ÀÇ È¯½ÄÁßÇÕü (1) Æ®¸®¿Á»ê(Æ®¸®¿Á½Ã¸ÞÆ¿·»)[trioxan(trioxymethylene)]* : Æ÷¸§¾Ëµ¥È÷µå(formaldehyde)ÀÇ °íüÁßÇÕ¹°·Î¼; ¹°¡¤¾ËÄÚ¿ÃÀ̳ª ¿¡Å׸£(ether)¿¡ ³ì´Â ¹é»ö °áÁ¤Ã¼ÀÌ´Ù. (2) ÆĶó¾Ëµ¥È÷µå(paraldehyde) : ¿¡Åº¾Ë(ethanal)ÀÇ ÁßÇÕü·Î¼; ¿¡Å׸£(ether)¿Í °°Àº ³¿»õ¸¦ °¡Áö´Â ¹«»ö ¾×ü·Î¼ ÀÎȼºÀÌ °Çϸç, À¯±â ÇÕ¼º¿ë°ú ÀǾàÇ°(ÃÖ¸éÁ¦¡¤»ì±ÕÁ¦) µîÀ¸·Î »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù. (3) ¸ÞŸ¾Ëµ¥È÷µå(metaldehyde) : ¿¡Åº¾Ë(ethanal)ÀÇ ÁßÇÕü·Î¼; °áÁ¤¼ºÀÇ ¹é»ö °¡·ç »óÅ·Π¹°¿¡ ³ìÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù. ÀÌ È£¿¡ ºÐ·ùÇÏ´Â ¸ÞŸ¾Ëµ¥È÷µå(metaldehyde)´Â °áÁ¤À̳ª °¡·ç »óÅÂÀÎ °Í¿¡¸¸ ÇÑÁ¤ÇÑ´Ù. ¿¬·á·Î »ç¿ëÇϱâ À§ÇÑ ¸ð¾ç[¿¹: ÅÂºí¸´(tablet) ¸ð¾ç¡¤¸·´ë(stick) ¸ð¾çÀ̳ª ÀÌ¿Í À¯»çÇÑ ¸ð¾ç]À¸·Î ÇÑ ¸ÞŸ¾Ëµ¥È÷µå(metaldehyde)´Â ÀÌ È£¿¡¼ Á¦¿ÜÇÑ´Ù(Á¦3606È£)[Á¦36·ùÀÇ ÁÖ Á¦2È£°¡¸ñ ÂüÁ¶]. (D) ÆĶóÆ÷¸§¾Ëµ¥È÷µå(paraformaldehyde) Æ÷¸§¾Ëµ¥È÷µå(formaldehyde)ÀÇ ¼ö¿ë¾×À» Áõ¹ß½ÃÄÑ ¾ò¾îÁö´Â ÁßÇÕü(HO(CH2O)nH)ÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ°ÍÀº Æ÷¸§¾Ëµ¥È÷µå(formaldehyde)ÀÇ ³¿»õ°¡ °ÇÑ ¹é»öÀÇ Ç÷¹ÀÌÅ©(flake) ¸ð¾çÀ̳ª °¡·ç »óÅÂÀÇ °íü ¹°ÁúÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ°ÍÀº Çöó½ºÆ½¡¤¹æ¼ö ±³ÂøÁ¦¿Í ÀÇ·á¿ëÇ°ÀÇ Á¦Á¶¿¡ »ç¿ëÇÏ´Â ¿Ü¿¡ »ì±ÕÁ¦¿Í º¸Á¸Á¦·Î¼µµ »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù. ÀÌ È£¿¡´Â ¾ËÄÚ¿ÃÀÇ ¼úÆùÈ(sulphonated) À¯µµÃ¼·Î ºÐ·ùÇÏ´Â Áß¾ÆȲ»ê¾Ëµ¥È÷µå(aldehyde-bisulphite)ÀÇ ÈÇÕ¹°Àº Á¦¿ÜÇÑ´Ù(Á¦2905È£ºÎÅÍ Á¦2911È£±îÁö).
|