29.05 - ºñȯ½Ä¾ËÄڿðú ±×µéÀÇ ÇҷΰÕÈÀ¯µµÃ¼¡¤¼úÆùÈÀ¯µµÃ¼¡¤´ÏÆ®·ÎÈÀ¯µµÃ¼¡¤´ÏÆ®·Î¼ÒÈÀ¯µµÃ¼
ºñȯ½Ä¾ËÄÚ¿ÃÀº Çϳª ÀÌ»óÀÇ ¼ö¼Ò¿øÀÚ¸¦ È÷µå·Ï½Ç±â(hydroxyl group)·Î ġȯÇÏ¿© ¾ò¾îÁø ºñȯ½Äźȼö¼ÒÀÇ À¯µµÃ¼ÀÌ´Ù. À̵éÀº »ê¼ÒÈÇÕ¹°·Î¼ »ê(acid)°ú ¹ÝÀÀÇÏ¸é ¿¡½ºÅ׸£(ester)·Î ¾Ë·ÁÁø ÈÇÕ¹°ÀÌ »ý¼ºµÈ´Ù. ¾ËÄڿÿ¡´Â 1Â÷ ¾ËÄÚ¿Ã(-CH2OH±âÀÇ ¼ºÁúÀ» °¡Áö´Â °Í)¡¤2Â÷ ¾ËÄÚ¿Ã(ᐳCHOH±âÀÇ ¼ºÁúÀ» °¡Áö´Â °Í)¡¤3Â÷ ¾ËÄÚ¿Ã(ᗒCOH±âÀÇ ¼ºÁúÀ» °¡Áö´Â °Í)ÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÌ È£¿¡´Â ´ÙÀ½ÀÇ ºñȯ½Ä¾ËÄڿðú ±× ÇҷΰÕÈ(halogenated)À¯µµÃ¼¡¤¼úÆùÈ(sulphonated)À¯µµÃ¼¡¤´ÏÆ®·ÎÈ(nitrated)À¯µµÃ¼¡¤´ÏÆ®·Î¼ÒÈ(nitrosated)À¯µµÃ¼¡¤¼úÆùÇҷΰÕÈ(sulphohalogenated)À¯µµÃ¼¡¤´ÏÆ®·ÎÇҷΰÕÈ(nitrohalogenated)À¯µµÃ¼¡¤´ÏÆ®·Î¼úÆùÈ(nitrosulphonated)À¯µµÃ¼¡¤´ÏÆ®·Î¼úÆùÇҷΰÕÈ(nitrosulphohalogenated)À¯µµÃ¼³ª ±× ¹ÛÀÇ º¹ÇÕ À¯µµÃ¼[¿¹: ±Û¸®¼¼·Ñ(glycerol)ÀÇ ¸ð³ëŬ·Î·ÎÈ÷µå¸°(monochlorohydrin), ¿¡Æ¿·»±Û¸®ÄÝ(ethlyene glycol)ÀÇ ¸ð³ëŬ·Î·ÎÈ÷µå¸°]¸¦ ºÐ·ùÇÑ´Ù. Áß¾ÆȲ»ê¾Ëµ¥È÷µå(aldehyde-bisulphite) ÈÇÕ¹°°ú Áß¾ÆȲ»êÄÉÅæ(ketone-bisulphite) ÈÇÕ¹°Àº ¾ËÄÚ¿ÃÀÇ ¼úÆùÈ(sulphonated)À¯µµÃ¼·Î ºÐ·ùÇÑ´Ù[¿¹: Áß¾ÆȲ»ê³ªÆ®·ý¾Æ¼¼Æ®¾Ëµ¥È÷µå(acetaldehyde sodium bisulphite)¡¤Áß¾ÆȲ»ê³ªÆ®·ýÆ÷¸§¾Ëµ¥È÷µå(formaldehyde sodium bisulphite)¡¤Áß¾ÆȲ»ê³ªÆ®·ý¹ß·¹¸£¾Ëµ¥È÷µå(valeraldehyde sodium bisulphite)¡¤Áß¾ÆȲ»ê³ªÆ®·ý¾Æ¼¼Åæ(acetone sodium bisulphite)]. ÀÌ È£¿¡´Â ÀÌ È£ÀÇ ¾ËÄڿðú ¿¡Åº¿ÃÀÇ ±Ý¼Ó¾ËÄڿ÷¹ÀÌÆ®(metal alcoholate)¸¦ ºÐ·ùÇÑ´Ù. ÀÌ È£¿¡´Â ¼øµµ(âíÓø : purity)¿¡ »ó°ü¾øÀÌ ¿¡Åº¿Ã[¿¡Æ¿¾ËÄÚ¿Ã(ethyl alcohol)]À» Á¦¿ÜÇÑ´Ù(Á¦2207È£¿Í Á¦2208È£ Çؼ³ ÂüÁ¶).(A) Æ÷È 1°¡ ¾ËÄÚ¿Ã (1) ¸Þź¿Ã(methanol)[¸ÞÆ¿¾ËÄÚ¿Ã(methyl alcohol)] : ¸ñÀ縦 °Ç·ùÇϰųª ÇÕ¼º¿¡ ÀÇÇÏ¿© ¾ò´Â´Ù. ¼ø¼öÇÑ ¸Þź¿Ã(methanol)Àº À¯µ¿¼º¡¤¹«»ö¡¤ÀÎȼº ¾×ü·Î¼ µ¶Æ¯ÇÑ ³¿»õ¸¦ °¡Áö¸ç; À¯±â ÇÕ¼º¡¤¿ë¸Å¡¤¿°·á°ø¾÷°ú Æø¾à¡¤¾àÇ° Á¦Á¶ µî¿¡ »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù. ¸ñÀçÀÇ °Ç·ù¿¡¼ ¾ò¾îÁø ¸ñ(ÙÊ)³ªÇÁŸ(wood naphtha)[°¡°øÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀº ¸ÞÆ¿¾ËÄÚ¿Ã(crude methyl alcohol)]´Â Á¦¿ÜÇÑ´Ù(Á¦3807È£). (2) 1-ÇÁ·ÎÆÇ¿Ã(ÇÁ·ÎÇʾËÄÚ¿Ã)°ú 2-ÇÁ·ÎÆÇ¿Ã(À̼ÒÇÁ·ÎÇʾËÄÚ¿Ã)[propan-1-ol(propyl alcohol) and propan-2-ol(isopropyl alcohol)] : ¹«»ö ¾×üÀ̸ç ÈÄÀÚ´Â ÇÁ·ÎÇÊ·»(propylene)À¸·ÎºÎÅÍ ÇÕ¼ºµÇ¸ç ¾Æ¼¼Å桤¸ÞŸũ¸®·¹ÀÌÆ®(methacrylates)ÀÇ Á¦Á¶¡¤¿ëÁ¦ µî¿¡ »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù. (3) 1-ºÎź¿Ã(butan-1-ol)[³ë¸£¸»-ºÎÆ¿¾ËÄÚ¿Ã(n-butyl alcohol)]°ú ±× ¹ÛÀÇ ºÎź¿Ã(butanol)[4Á¾ÀÇ À̼ºÃ¼(isomer)] : ¹«»ö ¾×ü·Î¼ À¯±â ÇÕ¼º¿ë°ú ¿ëÁ¦·Î »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù. (4) Ææź¿Ã(pentanol)[¾Æ¹Ð¾ËÄÚ¿Ã(amyl alcohol)]°ú ±× À̼ºÃ¼ : 8Á¾ÀÇ À̼ºÃ¼°¡ ÀÖÀ¸¸ç ¹ßÈ¿¾Æ¹Ð¾ËÄÚ¿Ã(fermentation amyl alcohol)Àº ¿¡Æ¿¾ËÄÚ¿Ã(ethyl alcohol)À» Á¤·ùÇÒ ¶§ ¾ò¾îÁö´Â Ç»Á© À¯(fusel oil)[Á¦3824È£ÀÇ ±×·¹ÀÎ ¿ÀÀÏ(grain oil)¡¤´ç¹Ð À¯¡¤Æ÷Å×ÀÌÅä ¿ÀÀÏ µîÀ¸·Î ¾Ë·ÁÁ® ÀÖ´Ù]·ÎºÎÅÍ ÁÖ·Î ¾ò¾îÁø´Ù. ¶ÇÇÑ ¾Æ¹Ð¾ËÄÚ¿Ã(amyl alcohol)Àº ¼®À¯ÀÇ ºÐÇØ¿¡¼ ¾ò¾îÁö´Â źȼö¼Ò°¡½º·ÎºÎÅÍ ÇÕ¼ºµÈ´Ù. (5) Çí»ê¿Ã(hexanol)°ú Çñź¿Ã(heptanol)(Çí½Ç¾ËÄڿðú ÇñÆ¿¾ËÄÚ¿Ã) (6) ¿Áź¿Ã(¿ÁÆ¿¾ËÄÚ¿Ã)[octanol(octyl alcohol)]°ú ±× À̼ºÃ¼ (7) 1-µµµ¥Ä¿Ã(¶ó¿ì¸±¾ËÄÚ¿Ã)¡¤1-Çí»çµ¥Ä¿Ã(¼¼Æ¿¾ËÄÚ¿Ã)°ú 1-¿ÁŸµ¥Ä¿Ã(½ºÅ׾Ƹ±¾ËÄÚ¿Ã) ÀÌ È£¿¡´Â ¼øµµ(âíÓø) 90% ¹Ì¸¸(°ÇÁ¶ÇÑ ¹°Ç°ÀÇ Áß·®À¸·Î °è»ê)ÀÇ Áö¹æ¾ËÄÚ¿ÃÀº Á¦¿ÜÇÑ´Ù(Á¦3823È£). (B) ºÒÆ÷È 1°¡ ¾ËÄÚ¿Ã (1) ¾Ë¸±¾ËÄÚ¿Ã(allyl alcohol)* (2) ¿¡Æ¿ÇÁ·ÎÇʾ˸±¾ËÄÚ¿Ã(ethylpropylallyl alacohol)[2-¿¡Æ¿-2-Çí¼¾-1-¿Ã(2-ethyl-2-hexen-1-ol)] (3) ¿Ã·¹ÀϾËÄÚ¿Ã(oleyl alcohol) (4) ºñȯ½ÄÅ׸£Ææ¾ËÄÚ¿Ã(acyclic terpene alcohol)[¿¹: ÇÇÅç(phytol)] : Å׸£Ææ¾ËÄÚ¿Ã(terpen alcohol)Àº ½±°Ô ÇÏÀ̵å·Î-¹æÇâÁ·(Û»úÅðé) ÈÇÕ¹°·Î ÀüȯµÇ¸ç ƯÁ¤ÀÇ Á¤À¯(essential oil) ¼Ó¿¡ Á¸ÀçÇÑ´Ù. ¿¹¸¦ µé¸é, °Ô¶ó´Ï¿Ã(geraniol)¡¤½ÃÆ®·Î³Ú·Ñ(citronellol)¡¤¸®³¯·Î¿Ã(linalool)¡¤·Îµð³î(rhodinol)¡¤³×·Ñ(nerol) µîÀ¸·Î¼ Çâ·á¿¡ »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù. (C) 2°¡ ¾ËÄڿðú ±× ¹ÛÀÇ ´Ù°¡¾ËÄÚ¿Ã (¥°) 2°¡ ¾ËÄÚ¿Ã (1) ¿¡Æ¿·»±Û¸®ÄÝ(ethylene glycol)[¿¡Åºµð¿Ã(ethanediol)] : ¹«»ö ½Ã·´ »óÅÂÀÇ ¾×ü·Î¼ ¾à°£ÀÇ ÀÚ±ØÀûÀÎ ³¿»õ¸¦ °¡Áö¸ç ´ÏÆ®·Î±Û¸®ÄÝ(nitroglycol)(Æø¾à) Á¦Á¶¡¤¹Ù´Ï½Ã(varnish)ÀÇ ¿ëÁ¦(éÁð¥)¡¤ºÎµ¿(ÝÕÔÐ : anti-freeze)Á¦³ª À¯±â ÇÕ¼º¿¡ »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù. (2) ÇÁ·ÎÇÊ·»±Û¸®ÄÝ(propylene glycol)[ÇÁ·ÎÆÇ-1,2-µð¿Ã(propane-1,2-diol)] : ¹«»ö Á¡¼ºÀÌ ÀÖ´Â Èí½À¼º ¾×ü (¥±) ±× ¹ÛÀÇ ´Ù°¡¾ËÄÚ¿Ã (1) ±Û¸®¼¼·Ñ(ÇÁ·ÎÆÇ-1,2,3-Æ®¸®¿Ã)[glycerol(propane-1,2,3-triol)] : ±Û¸®¼¼·Ñ(glycerol)[±Û¸®¼¼¸°(glycerine)À̶ó°íµµ ¾Ë·ÁÁ® ÀÖ´Ù]Àº °¡°øÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀº ±Û¸®¼¼·Ñ(glycerol)ÀÇ Á¤Á¦(¿¹: Áõ·ù¡¤À̿±³È¯Á¤Á¦¿¡ ÀÇÇØ)³ª ÇÁ·ÎÇÊ·»(propylene)À¸·ÎºÎÅÍ ÇÕ¼ºÀ¸·Î ¾ò¾îÁö±âµµ ÇÑ´Ù. ±Û¸®¼¼·ÑÀº °¨¹Ì¸¦ °¡Áö¸ç, ÀϹÝÀûÀ¸·Î ¹«»ö°ú ¹«ÃëÀ̳ª ¶§·Î´Â ¾à°£ÀÇ È²»öºûÀ» ¶í À½¿µÀÏ ¶§µµ ÀÖ´Ù. ±Û¸®¼¼·ÑÀÌ ÀÌ È£¿¡ ÇØ´çÇϱâ À§Çؼ´Â ¼øµµ(âíÓø) 95% ÀÌ»ó(°ÇÁ¶¹°·Î °è»êÇÑ Áß·®)À̾î¾ß Çϸç Àú ¼øµµÀÇ ±Û¸®¼¼·Ñ(glycerol)[°¡°øÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀº ±Û¸®¼¼·Ñ(crude glycerol)]Àº Á¦¿ÜÇÑ´Ù(Á¦1520È£). (2) 2-¿¡Æ¿-2-(È÷µå·Ï½Ã¸ÞÆ¿)ÇÁ·ÎÆÇ-1,3-µð¿Ã[2-ethyl-2(hydroxymethyl)propane-1,3-diol][Æ®¸®¸ÞÆ¿¿ÃÇÁ·ÎÆÇ(trimethylolpropane)] : ¹Ù´Ï½Ã(varnish)¡¤¾ËÅ°µå¼öÁö¡¤ÇÕ¼º °Ç¼ºÀ¯¡¤¿ì·¹Åº Æû°ú ÄÚÆÃÁ¦ÀÇ Á¦Á¶¿¡ »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù. (3) Æ柿¡¸®Æ®¸®Åç(pentaerythritol) : ¹é»ö °áÁ¤¼º °¡·ç·Î¼ Æø¾à°ú Çöó½ºÆ½ Á¦Á¶¿¡ »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù. (4) ¸¸´ÏÅç(mannitol)* : ¹é»ö °áÁ¤¼º °¡·ç³ª ¾Ë°»ÀÌ ¸ð¾çÀ¸·Î¼ ½Ä¹°°è[ÇÁ¶ô½Ã³Ê½º ¿À¸£³Ê½º(Fraxinus ornus)ÀÇ ¼ö¾×]¿¡ Á¸ÀçÇϸç; ÇÕ¼ºÀ¸·Îµµ ¾ò´Â´Ù. ¿ÏÇÏÁ¦¿Í Æø¾à(mannitol hexanitrate)ÀÇ Á¦Á¶¿¡ »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù. (5) µð-±Û·ç½ÃÅç(¼Ò¸£ºñÅç)[d-glucitol(sorbitol)] : ¹é»ö °áÁ¤¼ºÀÇ Èí½À¼º °¡·çÀ̸ç Çâ·á·Î »ç¿ëÇÏ°í ¾Æ½ºÄÚ¸£ºê»ê(ascorbic acid) Á¦Á¶(ÀǾà¿ë)¡¤°è¸éÈ°¼ºÁ¦ Á¦Á¶¡¤±Û¸®¼¼·Ñ(glycerol)ÀÇ ´ë¿ëÇ°°ú ½ÀÀ±Á¦(¿¹: ½À±â Á¶ÀýÁ¦)·Î »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù. (6) ÆæźƮ¸®¿Ã(pentanetriol)¡¤Çí»êÆ®¸®¿Ã(hexanetriol) µî ÀÌ È£¿¡´Â Á¦3824È£ÀÇ ¼Ò¸£ºñÅç(sorbitol)Àº Á¦¿ÜÇÑ´Ù. (D) ºñȯ½Ä ¾ËÄÚ¿ÃÀÇ ÇҷΰÕÈ(halogenated)À¯µµÃ¼¡¤¼úÆùÈ(sulphonated)À¯µµÃ¼¡¤ ´ÏÆ®·ÎÈ(nitrated)À¯µµÃ¼¡¤´ÏÆ®·Î¼ÒÈ(nitrsosated)À¯µµÃ¼ (1) ÇÔ¼öŬ·Î¶ö(chloral hydrate)[CCl3CH(OH)2)][2,2,2,-Æ®¸®Å¬·Î·Î¿¡Åº(trichloroethane)-1,1-µð¿Ã(diol)] : ¹«»ö °áÁ¤Ã¼·Î¼ µ¶¼ºÀÌ ÀÖÀ¸¸ç; ÃÖ¸éÁ¦¿Í À¯±â ÇÕ¼º¿¡ »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù. (2) Æ®¸®Å¬·Î·ÎÅͼŸ®ºÎÆ¿¾ËÄÚ¿Ã(trichloro-tertiary-butyl alcohol); ÀǾà¿ëÀ¸·Î »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù. (3) ¿¡½ºÅ¬·Îºñ³î(ethchlorvynol) : ÇâÁ¤½Å¼º ¹°Áú-Á¦29·ù ³¡ÀÇ ¸ñ·Ï ÂüÁ¶
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