29.16 - ºÒÆ÷Ⱥñȯ½Ä¸ð³ëÄ«¸£º¹½Ã»ê¡¤È¯½Ä¸ð³ëÄ«¸£º¹½Ã»ê°ú À̵éÀÇ ¹«¼ö¹°(Ùíâ©Úª)¡¤ÇҷΰÕȹ°¡¤°ú»êȹ°¡¤°ú»êÈ»ê, À̵éÀÇ ÇҷΰÕÈÀ¯µµÃ¼¡¤¼úÆùÈÀ¯µµÃ¼¡¤´ÏÆ®·ÎÈÀ¯µµÃ¼¡¤´ÏÆ®·Î¼ÒÈÀ¯µµÃ¼
ÀÌ È£¿¡´Â ºÒÆ÷Ⱥñȯ½Ä ¸ð³ëÄ«¸£º¹½Ã»ê(monocarboxylic acids)°ú ȯ½Ä ¸ð³ëÄ«¸£º¹½Ã»ê°ú ±× ¹«¼ö¹°(Ùíâ©Úª : anhydrides)¡¤ÇҷΰÕȹ°¡¤°ú»êȹ°¡¤°ú»êȻꡤ¿¡½ºÅ׸£(esters)¡¤¿°°ú À̵éÀÇ ÇҷΰÕÈ(halogenated)À¯µµÃ¼¡¤¼úÆùÈ(sulphonated)À¯µµÃ¼¡¤´ÏÆ®·ÎÈ(nitrated)À¯µµÃ¼¡¤´ÏÆ®·Î¼ÒÈ(nitrosated)À¯µµÃ¼(º¹ÇÕ À¯µµÃ¼¸¦ Æ÷ÇÔÇÑ´Ù)¸¦ ºÐ·ùÇÑ´Ù.(A) ºÒÆ÷Ⱥñȯ½Ä ¸ð³ëÄ«¸£º¹½Ã»ê(unsaturated acyclic monocarboxylic)°ú ±× ¿°¡¤¿¡½ºÅ׸£¿Í ±× ¹ÛÀÇ À¯µµÃ¼ (1) ¾ÆÅ©¸±»ê(acrylic acid)(CH2=CHCOOH)* : ¸Å¿î ³¿»õ¸¦ °®´Â ¹«»ö ¾×üÀÌ´Ù. ½±°Ô ÁßÇյǸç; Æú¸®¾ÆÅ©¸±»ê°ú ±× ¹ÛÀÇ ¾ÆÅ©¸±ÁßÇÕüÀÇ ´Ü·®Ã¼(Ó¤åÖô÷ : monomer)·Î »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù. (2) ¸ÞŸ¾ÆÅ©¸±»ê(methacrylic acid) : ÀÌ »êÀÇ ¿¡½ºÅ׸£(ester) ÁßÇÕü´Â Çöó½ºÆ½ÀÇ ±¸¼º¿ä¼Ò°¡ µÈ´Ù(Á¦39·ù). (3) ¿Ã·¹»ê(oleic acid)(C18H34O2) : ±Û¸®¼¼¶óÀ̵å(glyceride)·Î¼ Áö¹æ°ú ±â¸§¿¡ Á¸ÀçÇÑ´Ù. ¹«»ö ¹«ÃëÀÇ ¾×ü·Î¼ ¼·¾¾ ¾à 4¡ÉÀÇ ¿Âµµ¿¡¼´Â ¹Ù´Ã ¸ð¾çÀ¸·Î °áÁ¤ÈµÈ´Ù. ¹°¿¡ ³ì´Â ¿Ã·¹»ê¿°(oleic salt)[¿¹: ³ªÆ®·ý¡¤Ä®·ý°ú ¾Ï¸ð´½ÀÇ ¿Ã·¹»ê¿°(oleate)]Àº ºñ´©(soaps)ÀÌÁö¸¸ ÀÌ È£¿¡ ºÐ·ùÇÑ´Ù. (4) ¸®³î·¹»ê(linoleic acid)(C18H32O2) : ±Û¸®¼¼¶óÀ̵å(glyceride)·Î¼ ¾Æ¸¶ÀÎÀ¯(linseed oil)¿¡ Á¸ÀçÇÏ´Â; °Ç¼ºÀÇ »êÀÌ´Ù. (5) ¸®³î·»»ê(linolenic acid)(C18H30O2) (6) ÇñƼ³ë»ê(heptynoic acid)°ú ¿ÁƼ³ë»ê(octynoic acid) (B) Æ÷ÈÁöȯ½Ä¡¤ºÒÆ÷ÈÁöȯ½ÄÀ̳ª ½ÃŬ·ÎÅ׸£Ææ¸ð³ë Ä«¸£º¹½Ã»ê°ú ±× ¿°¡¤¿¡½ºÅ׸£¿Í ±× ¹ÛÀÇ À¯µµÃ¼ (1) ½ÃŬ·ÎÇí»êÄ«¸£º¹½Ã»ê(cyclohexanecarboxylic acid) (2) ½ÃŬ·ÎÆæÅ״ҾƼ¼Æ®»ê(cyclopentenylacetic acid) (C) ¹æÇâÁ· Æ÷È ¸ð³ëÄ«¸£º¹½Ã»ê°ú ±× ¿°¡¤¿¡½ºÅ׸£¿Í ±× ¹ÛÀÇ À¯µµÃ¼ (1) º¥Á¶»ê(benzoic acid)(C6H5COOH)* : ¸î¸îÀÇ ¼öÁö¿Í ¹ß»ï(balsam)¿¡ Á¸ÀçÇϸç ÇÕ¼º¿¡ ÀÇÇؼµµ Á¶¼ºµÈ´Ù. ¼ø¼öÇÑ »ê(acid)ÀÎ °æ¿ì¿¡´Â ¹é»ö ¹Ù´Ã ¸ð¾çÀÇ °áÁ¤Ã¼À̰ųª ±¤Åà ÀÖ´Â ¹é»öÀÇ Ç÷¹ÀÌÅ©(flake) ¸ð¾çÀ¸·Î ¹«ÃëÀÌ´Ù. ¹æºÎÁ¦·Î »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù. À̵éÀÇ ÁÖ¿ä ¿°Àº º¥Á¶»ê¾Ï¸ð´½¡¤º¥Á¶»ê³ªÆ®·ý¡¤º¥Á¶»êÄ®·ý°ú º¥Á¶»êÄ®½·ÀÌ´Ù. À̵éÀÇ ÁÖ¿ä ¿¡½ºÅ׸£(ester)´Â º¥Á¶»êº¥Áú¡¤º¥Á¶»ê³ªÇÁÆ¿¡¤º¥Á¶»ê¸ÞÆ¿¡¤º¥Á¶»ê¿¡Æ¿¡¤º¥Á¶»êÁ¦¶ó´Ò¡¤º¥Á¶»ê½ÃÆ®·Î³Ú¸±¡¤º¥Á¶»ê¸®³¯¸±°ú º¥Á¶»ê·Îµð´ÒÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ È£¿¡´Â ¶ÇÇÑ Æ¯È÷ ´ÙÀ½ÀÇ º¥Á¶»ê À¯µµÃ¼¸¦ Æ÷ÇÔÇÑ´Ù. (a) °ú»êȺ¥Á¶ÀÏ(benzoyl peroxide)*: ¹é»ö ¾Ë°»ÀÌ ¸ð¾ç °áÁ¤¼º °íü·Î¼ ÀǾà¿ë¡¤°í¹«¿Í Çöó½ºÆ½ °ø¾÷¿ë°ú Áö¹æ¡¤±â¸§¡¤Á¦ºÐ µîÀÇ Ç¥¹éÁ¦·Î »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù. (b) ¿°Èº¥Á¶ÀÏ(benzoyl chloride)(C6H5COCl)* : ¹é»ö °áÁ¤Ã¼. µ¶Æ¯ÇÑ ³¿»õ¸¦ Áö´Ñ Ãַ缺ÀÇ ¹«»ö ¾×ü·Î¼; °ø±â¿¡ ³ëÃâµÇ¸é ¹ß¿¬ÇÑ´Ù. (c) ´ÏÆ®·Îº¥Á¶»ê(nitrobenzoic acid)(¿À¸£Å䡤¸ÞŸ¿Í ÆĶó)(O2NC6H4COOH) (d) ¿°È´ÏÆ®·Îº¥Á¶ÀÏ(nitrobenzoyl chloide)(¿À¸£Å䡤¸ÞŸ¿Í ÆĶó)(O2NC6H4COCl) (e) Ŭ·Î·Îº¥Á¶»ê(cholorobenzoic acid)(ClC6H4COOH) (f) µðŬ·Î·Îº¥Á¶»ê(dichlorobenzoic acid)(Cl2C6H3COOH) (2) Æä´Ò¾Æ¼¼Æ®»ê(phenylacetic acid)(C6H5CH2COOH) : ²É³¿»õ°¡ ³ª´Â ¹é»ö ÆÇ ¸ð¾çÀÇ °áÁ¤ÀÌ´Ù. Çâ·á¿Í Çâ¹Ì·á¡¤Æä´Ï½Ç¸° G(Penicillin G)¿Í »ìÁø±ÕÁ¦ÀÇ Á¦Á¶¡¤À¯±â ÇÕ¼º°ú ¾ÏÆ䟹ΠÇÕ¼º¿¡¼ ¼±±¸¹°Áú(precursor)·Î »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù(Á¦29·ù ³¡¿¡ ¼±±¸¹°Áú°ú Çʼö ÈÇй°ÁúÀÇ ¸ñ·Ï ÂüÁ¶). À̵éÀÇ ÁÖ ¿¡½ºÅ׸£(main ester)´Â ¿¡Æ¿Æä´Ò¾Æ¼¼Å×ÀÌÆ®¡¤¸ÞÆ¿Æä´Ò¾Æ¼¼Å×ÀÌÆ®¿Í ¿À¸£Åä-¸ÞÅå½ÃÆä´Ò Æä´Ò¾Æ¼¼Å×ÀÌÆ®(±¸¾ÆÀ̾ßÄÝÆä´Ò¾Æ¼¼Å×ÀÌÆ®)µéÀÌ´Ù. (3) Æä´ÒÇÁ·ÎÇǿ»ꡤ³ªÇÁÅä»ê(phenylpropionic, naphthoic acid) (D) ¹æÇâÁ· ºÒÆ÷È ¸ð³ëÄ«¸£º¹½Ã»ê(carboxylic acid)°ú ±× ¿°¡¤¿¡½ºÅ׸£(ester)¿Í ±× ¹ÛÀÇ À¯µµÃ¼ °èÇÇ»ê(cinnamic acid)(C6H5CH=CHCOOH) : °èÇÇÀ¯(cinnamon oil)¿Í Åç·ç(Tolu) ¹ß»ï°ú Æä·ç(Peru) ¹ß»ï ³»¿¡ Á¸ÀçÇÏ¸ç ¹«»öÀÇ °áÁ¤Ã¼ÀÌ´Ù. À̵éÀÇ ÁÖ¿ä¿°Àº °èÇǻ곪Ʈ·ý°ú °èÇÇ»êÄ®·ýÀÌ´Ù. ÁÖ¿ä ¿¡½ºÅ׸£(ester)´Â °èÇÇ»ê¸ÞÆ¿¡¤°èÇǻ꿡ƿ¡¤°èÇǻ꺥Áú°ú °èÇÇ»êÇÁ·ÎÇʷμ Çâ·á¿¡ »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù. ÀÌ È£¿¡´Â ¼øµµ(âíÓø : purity) 85% ¹Ì¸¸(°ÇÁ¶ÇÑ ¹°Ç°À¸·Î °è»êÇÑ °Í)ÀÇ ¿Ã·¹»ê°ú ¼øµµ(âíÓø) 90% ¹Ì¸¸(°ÇÁ¶ÇÑ ¹°Ç°À¸·Î °è»êÇÑ °Í)ÀÇ ±× ¹ÛÀÇ Áö¹æ»ê(fatty acid)Àº Á¦¿ÜÇÑ´Ù(Á¦3823È£).
|