71.04 - Synthetic or reconstructed precious or semi-precious stones, whether or not worked or graded but not strung, mounted or set; ungraded synthetic or reconstructed precious or semi-precious stones, temporarily strung for convenience of transport.

(A) Synthetic precious and semi-precious stones. This expression covers a range of chemically produced stones which either :
- have essentially the same chemical composition and crystal structure as a particular natural stone (e.g., ruby, sapphire, emerald, diamond, piezo-electric quartz); or
- because of their colour, brilliance, resistance to deterioration, and hardness are used by jewellers, goldsmiths and silversmiths in place of natural precious or semi-precious stones, even if they do not have the same chemical composition and crystal structure as the stones which they resemble, e.g., yttrium aluminium garnet (YAG), cubic zirconia (CZ) and synthetic moissanite, all of which are used to imitate diamond.
When unworked, some synthetic stones, such as ruby and sapphire, may have the appearance of small cylinders or pear-shaped drops and are known as "boules"; these are usually split along their length or sawn into discs.
When unworked, some synthetic diamonds produced using the High Pressure, High Temperature method (HPHT), may display a characteristic truncated cuboctahedral shape where, in many cases, the original position of the seed crystal is still visible on its base. Unworked synthetic diamonds produced using the Chemical Vapour Deposition method (CVD), on the contrary, are mostly square or rectangular in shape, usually lacking visible crystal shapes.
Synthetic diamonds may be produced using methods other than HPHT and CVD.

(B) Reconstructed precious and semi-precious stones are obtained artificially by various means, e.g., agglomerating, pressing or fusing together (usually with the aid of a blow pipe) fragments of natural precious or semi-precious stones which have generally been reduced to a powder.
Synthetic and reconstructed stones can normally be distinguished from natural stones by microscopic examination (preferably in a medium other than air) which reveals small bubbles and streaks.
The provisions of the Explanatory Notes to headings 71.02 and 71.03, especially as regards the working to which the stones may be submitted, are also applicable here.
Synthetic or reconstructed stones should not be confused with glass imitation precious or semi-precious stones of heading 70.18 (see corresponding Explanatory Note).

Subheading Explanatory Notes.

Subheading 7104.10
Piezo-electric quartz has the property, when subjected to mechanical pressure, of producing an electric charge, the strength of which varies in relation to the pressure and, conversely, of converting into mechanical pressure the differences in electric potential to which it is subjected.
By reason of this property, piezo-electric quartz is used in the electrical equipment industry for various purposes : the manufacture of microphones, loudspeakers, instruments for transmitting or receiving ultrasonic waves, instruments for fixed frequency oscillations, etc.
The piezo-electric quartz falling in this subheading is generally in the form of thin sheets, plates, rods, etc., obtained by sawing synthetic quartz with a precision-cut along the line of electrical axis.

Subheading 7104.21
This subheading includes synthetic diamonds that are simply sawn, cleaved (by splitting along the natural plane of the layers) or bruted, or that have only a small number of polished facets, i.e., stones which have only a provisional shape and clearly have to be further worked.

Subheading 7104.29
The Subheading Explanatory Note to subheading 7103.10 applies, mutatis mutandis, to this subheading.

Subheading 7104.91
This Subheading includes :

(1) Polished synthetic diamonds having multiple flat polished surfaces or facets, which do not require to be further worked before being used in jewellery or in particular industrial applications

(2) Synthetic diamonds, whether drilled or engraved (including cameos and intaglios).

(3) Composite stones (doublets or triplets), formed by joining together two or more components to make what appears to be a single stone and containing at least one component of synthetic diamond. Synthetic diamond/natural diamond doublets made by joining together a synthetic diamond (usually as the larger base) and a natural diamond (usually as a smaller top piece) remain classified here.

Subheading 7104.99
The Subheading Explanatory Note to subheadings 7103.91 and 7103.99 applies, mutatis mutandis, to this subheading.

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