90.10 ‑ Apparatus and equipment for photographic (including cinematographic) laboratories, not specified or included elsewhere in this Chapter; negatoscopes; projection screens.

(Ⅰ) APPARATUS AND EQUIPMENT FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC (INCLUDING CINEMATOGRAPHIC) LABORATORIES, NOT SPECIFIED OR INCLUDED ELSEWHERE IN THIS CHAPTER
This group includes :

(A) Automatic machines for developing rolls of photographic film or for exposing developed photographic film to rolls of photographic paper.

(B) Special film developing tanks. These may be of metal, plastics, stoneware, etc.; they generally incorporate devices such as supporting rods, baskets for removing the films from the bath. Certain developing tanks are also used for rinsing, fixing and washing films.

(C) Special trays (of plastics, stainless steel, enamelled sheet iron, etc.), clearly intended for photographic use, but not including articles which may also be used for other purposes (e.g., for general purpose laboratory or hospital use).

(D) Tanks for washing negatives, including rotary washing apparatus.

(E) Print driers, glazers and drier‑glazers (single face, double face, rotary types, etc.); drying machines (hand‑operated, etc.); roller squeegees; polished stainless steel plates and chromium‑plated plates clearly designed to be fitted to these articles or used separately.

(F) Printing frames, including vacuum printing frames, (of metal or of metal and wood) for contact printing; printing machines (for professional or amateur photographers, etc.); and illuminated frames, without a developer, for making exposures only.

(G) Film cutting machines and apparatus, of a kind used in photographic (including cinematographic) laboratories.

(H) Special holding frames for retouching negatives.

(IJ) Dry‑mounting presses for photographic use.

(K) Specialised machines and apparatus used in cinematographic laboratories, such as :

(1) Film developing machines whether or not automatic.

(2) Film slitting or cutting machines (e.g., for cutting 35 mm film into two 16 mm films).

(3) Printing machines and cinematographic reducers and enlargers (optical
printers).

(4) Optical effects machines.

(5) Sound control units for editing and synchronising sound films.

(6) Recording apparatus which reproduces on a paper strip a "slowed down" and enlarged image of the sound track on a film, for use in synchronising and dubbing.

(7) Film cleaning machines; machines for treating worn negatives before
reprinting; combined cleaning and treatment machines; machines for cleaning negatives.

(8) Waxing machines for depositing a thin coat of wax on both edges of the emulsion‑coated side of the film.

(9) Joiners (splicers) (hand‑ or pedal‑operated, etc.).

(10) Film editing units. These may be fitted with a picture‑head and a sound‑head. Such apparatus may be used, for example, to synchronise images with a sound track.
Separately presented picture‑heads, and devices equipped with sound‑heads which are used together with frame viewers on synchronisation tables, also fall in this heading. However, separately presented sound-heads are excluded
(heading 85.22).

(11) Machines for numbering copies of films by perforation.

(12) Editing desks for handling films; these are fitted with spool rewinders. Special film re‑winders for winding negatives (e.g., after printing); film measurers and footage counters, to check the length of films (separately presented counter mechanisms are excluded, see heading 90.29).

(13) Film titling apparatus.

(14) Film viewers for editing printed cinematographic film. These viewers may be combined with sound recording or reproducing apparatus.

(L) Film viewers for still images used to examine photographic negatives in photographic laboratories.

(M) Specialised equipment used in reproduction work (not being photocopying apparatus
of heading 84.43), e.g., apparatus for developing specially sensitised paper by the ammonia vapour process.

(Ⅱ) NEGATOSCOPES
Negatoscopes are used mainly for examining medical radiographs or radiophotographs. They may be of very different types, ranging from wall‑mounted light boxes to automatic magazine‑fed radiograph viewers.

(Ⅲ) PROJECTION SCREENS
These screens are used in cinemas, schools, lecture rooms, etc. They include projection screens for three‑dimensional presentation; also portable screens, rolled in sheaths or contained in boxes, for mounting on tripods, on tables, or for hanging from the ceiling.
They are often made of a fabric coated white, silver or with glass grains (microspheres), or of sheets of plastics; these fabrics or sheets are generally perforated. To fall in this heading, however, they must be clearly identifiable (e.g., by means of hems or rims, eyelet‑holes).

(a) Photographic (including cinematographic) studio equipment, such as lighting apparatus, reflectors, spotlights, electric lighting lamps and tubes of all kinds, sound effect equipment, microphone booms, scenery, etc.; these fall in their respective headings.

(b) Halftone or similar printing screens (headings 37.05, 90.01, 90.02, etc. as the case may be).

(c) Paper or paperboard cutting machines of all kinds (heading 84.41).

(d) Apparatus for the projection or drawing of circuit patterns on sensitized semiconductor materials (heading 84.86).

(e) Loudspeakers, microphones and audio‑frequency electric amplifiers, other than those presented with and forming an integral part of any of the instruments of this heading (heading 85.18).

(f) Cameras for recording documents on microfilm, microfiche or other microforms (heading 90.06).

(g) X‑ray fluorescent and intensifying screens (heading 90.22).

(h) Exposure calculating discs and rulers (heading 90.17); exposure meters, photometers, densitometers, colour temperature meters (heading 90.27).

(ij) Hand‑operated stamps for numbering prints (heading 96.11).

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