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29.12 - ¾Ëµ¥È÷µå(±× ¹ÛÀÇ »ê¼Ò°ü´É °áÇÕÀ» ÇÑ °ÍÀÎÁö¿¡ »ó°ü¾ø´Ù), ¾Ëµ¥È÷µåÀÇ È¯½ÄÁßÇÕü, ÆĶóÆ÷¸§¾Ëµ¥È÷µå

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À̵éÀº Á¦1Â÷ ¾ËÄÚ¿ÃÀ» »êÈ­ÇÏ¿© Çü¼ºµÇ´Â È­ÇÕ¹°·Î¼­; ƯÀ¯ÇÑ ±â(group)¸¦ ÇÔÀ¯ÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù.

À̵éÀº ÀϹÝÀûÀ¸·Î °­ÇÑ ÀÚ±ØÀûÀÎ ³¿»õ¸¦ °¡Áö°í ÀÖ´Â ¹«»öÀÇ ¾×ü·Î¼­; ¸¹Àº ¹æÇâÁ·(Û»úÅðé)ÀÇ ¾Ëµ¥È÷µå(aldehydes)°¡ °ø±â Áß¿¡¼­ ½±°Ô »êÈ­ÇÏ¿© »ê(acids)À¸·Î ÀüȯÇÑ´Ù.
±× ¹ÛÀÇ "±× ¹ÛÀÇ »ê¼Ò°ü´ÉÀÇ ¾Ëµ¥È÷µå(aldehydes, ,with other oxygen function)"´Â ¾ÕÀÇ Àý[¾ËÄڿá¤Æä³î(phenol)¡¤¿¡Å׸£(ether) µîÀÇ °ü´É±â]¿¡ ¿­°ÅµÈ »ê¼Ò°ü´É±â¸¦ ÇÑ °³³ª ±× ÀÌ»óÀ¸·Î °¡Áö´Â ¾Ëµ¥È÷µå(aldehydes)¸¦ ¸»ÇÑ´Ù.

(A) ¾Ëµ¥È÷µå(aldehydes)

(¥°) Æ÷È­ºñȯ½Ä¾Ëµ¥È÷µå(saturated acyclic aldehydes)

(1) ¸Þź¾Ë(Æ÷¸§¾Ëµ¥È÷µå)[methanal(formaldehyde)](HCHO) : Ã˸ſ¡ ÀÇÇÑ ¸Þź¿ÃÀÇ »êÈ­¿¡ ÀÇÇÏ¿© ¾ò¾îÁø´Ù. ¹°¿¡ Àß ³ìÀ¸¸ç ÀÚ±ØÀûÀÎ ³¿»õ¸¦ Áö´Ñ ¹«»öÀÇ °¡½º·Î¼­ ±× 40% ¼ö¿ë¾×Àº Æ÷¸£¸»¸°(formalin)À̳ª Æ÷¸£¸ô(formol)·Î ¾Ë·ÁÁ® ÀÖÀ¸¸ç ÄÚ¸¦ Â´Â µíÇÑ ÀÚ±ØÀûÀÎ ³¿»õ¸¦ Áö´Ñ ¹«»öÀÇ ¾×üÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ ¿ë¾×Àº ¾ÈÁ¤Á¦·Î¼­ ¸Þź¿Ã(methanol)À» ÇÔÀ¯ÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù.
¸Þź¾Ë(methanal)Àº À¯±â ÇÕ¼º[¿°·á¡¤Æø¾à¡¤ÀÇ·á¿ëÇ°¡¤ÇÕ¼ºÀ¯¿¬Á¦(synthetic tanning agents)¡¤Çöó½ºÆ½ µî]¡¤¹æºÎÁ¦¡¤¹æÃëÁ¦¿Í ȯ¿øÁ¦·Î »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù.

(2) ¿¡Åº¾Ë(¾Æ¼¼Æ®¾Ëµ¥È÷µå)[ethanal(acetaldehyde)](CH3CHO) : ¿¡Åº¿Ã(ethanol)ÀÇ »êÈ­³ª ¾Æ¼¼Æ¿·»(acetylene)À¸·ÎºÎÅÍ ¾ò¾îÁø´Ù. À¯µ¿¼º¡¤ºÎ½Ä¼ºÀÌ ÀÖÀ¸¸ç °ú½Ç ³¿»õ¸¦ Áö´Ñ ¹«»öÀÇ ¾×ü·Î¼­; °¡¿¬¼ºÀÌ°í Èֹ߼ºÀÌ ³ôÀ¸¸ç; ¹°¡¤¾ËÄڿðú ¿¡Å׸£(ether)¿Í Àß È¥ÇյȴÙ. Çöó½ºÆ½¡¤¹Ù´Ï½Ã(varnish)ÀÇ Á¦Á¶ ¿ø·á¿Í ¹æºÎÁ¦·Î¼­ ÀǾà¿ë¿¡ »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù.

(3) ºÎź¾Ë(ºÎÆ¿¾Ëµ¥È÷µå, Ç¥ÁØÀ̼ºÁúü)[butanal(butyraldehyde, normal isomer)](CH3CH2CH2CHO) : ¹«»öÀÇ ¾×ü·Î¼­ ¹°¡¤¾ËÄڿðú ¿¡Å׸£(ether)¿Í È¥ÇյǸç Çöó½ºÆ½¡¤Çâ·áÀÇ Á¦Á¶¿Í °í¹«°¡È² ÃËÁøÁ¦·Î »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù.

(4) Çñź¾Ë(ÇñŸ¾Ëµ¥È÷µå, Àγ­Åç)[heptanal(heptaldehyde, oenanthol)](CH3(CH2)5CHO) : ÇǸ¶ÀÚÀ¯(castor oil)¸¦ Áõ·ùÇÏ¿© ¾ò¾îÁö¸ç; °­ÇÑ ³¿»õ¸¦ Áö´Ñ ¹«»öÀÇ ¾×üÀÌ´Ù.

(5) ¿Áź¾Ë(Ä«ÇÁ¸±¾Ëµ¥È÷µå)[octanal(caprylaldehyde)](C8H16O); ³ë³­¾Ë(Æç¶ó¸£°ï¾Ëµ¥È÷µå)[nonanal(pelargonaldehyde)](C9H18O); µ¥Ä­¾Ë(Ä«ÇÁ¸£¾Ëµ¥È÷µå)[decanal(capraldehyde)](C10H20O); ¾ðµ¥Ä­¾Ë(undecanal)(C11H22O); µµµ¥Ä­¾Ë(¶ó¿ï¾Ëµ¥È÷µå)[dodecanal(lauraldehyde)](C12H24O) µî. À̵éÀº Çâ·á °ø¾÷ÀÇ ¿ø·á·Î »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù.

(¥±) ºÒÆ÷È­ºñȯ½Ä¾Ëµ¥È÷µå(unsaturated acyclic aldehydes)

(1) ÇÁ·ÎÆæ¾Ë(¾ÆÅ©¸±¾Ëµ¥È÷µå¡¤¾ÆÅ©¶öµ¥È÷µå¡¤¾ÆÅ©·Ñ·¹ÀÎ)[propenal(acrylaldehyde, acraldehyde, acrolein)](CH2=CHCHO) : Áö¹æ¹°ÁúÀ» ÅÂ¿ï ¶§ »ý¼ºµÈ´Ù.; ÀÚ±ØÀûÀÌ°í ¾´ ƯÀ¯ÀÇ ³¿»õ¸¦ Áö´Ñ ¾×ü·Î¼­; À¯±â ÇÕ¼º¿¡ »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù.

(2) 2-ºÎÅÙ¾Ë(Å©·ÎÅæ¾Ëµ¥È÷µå)[2-butenal(crotonaldehyde)](CH3CH=CHCHO) : °¡°øÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀº ¾ËÄÚ¿ÃÀÇ ÀÏÂ÷ Áõ·ù¹° Áß¿¡ Á¸ÀçÇϸç; ÀÚ±ØÀûÀÎ ³¿»õ¸¦ Áö´Ñ ¹«»öÀÇ ¾×üÀÌ´Ù.

(3) ½ÃÆ®¶ö(citral) : ÁÁÀº ³¿»õ¸¦ Áö´Ñ ¾×ü·Î¼­ źÁ¦¸°(tangerine)¡¤½ÃÆ®·Ð(citron)¡¤·¹¸óÀÇ Á¤À¯(essential oil)¿¡ Á¸ÀçÇϸç; ƯÈ÷ ·¹¸ó±×¶ó½ºÀ¯(lemon grass oil)¿¡ Á¸ÀçÇÑ´Ù.

(4) ½ÃÆ®·Î³Ú¾Ëµ¥È÷µå(citronellaldehyde) : ½ÃÆ®·ÐÀ¯(citron oil)¿¡ Á¸ÀçÇÑ´Ù.

(¥²) Æ÷È­Áöȯ½Ä(cyclanic)¡¤ºÒÆ÷È­Áöȯ½Ä(cyclenic)°ú ½ÃŬ·ÎÅ׸£Ææ(cycloterpenic) ¾Ëµ¥È÷µå

(1) Æç¶õµå¶ö(phellandral)À̳ª Å×Æ®¶óÈ÷µå·Î Å¥¹Î¾Ëµ¥È÷µå(tetrahydrocuminaldehyde) : ȸÇâÀ¯(üíúÅêú : fennel oil)¿Í À¯Ä®¸³Åõ½ºÀ¯(eucalyptus oil)¿¡ Á¸ÀçÇÑ´Ù.

(2) ½ÃŬ·Î½ÃÆ®¶ö A(cyclocitrals A)¿Í B : ½ÃÆ®¶ö(citral)·ÎºÎÅÍ ¾ò¾îÁø´Ù.

(3) Æ丱¾Ëµ¥È÷µå(perillaldehyde) : Æ丱¶ó ¸¸Å°³×½Ã½º(Perilla mankinensis)ÀÇ Á¤À¯(essential oil)¿¡ Á¸ÀçÇÑ´Ù.

(4) »çÇÁ¶õ¾Ë(safranal)

(¥³) ¹æÇâÁ·(Û»úÅðé) ¾Ëµ¥È÷µå(aromatic aldehydes)

(1) º¥Áî¾Ëµ¥È÷µå(benzaldehyde)(C6H5CHO)* : ¾´ ¾Æ¸óµåÀÇ Æ¯À¯ÀÇ ³¿»õ¸¦ Áö´Ñ ±¼Àý¼ºÀÌ ³ôÀº ¹«»ö ¾×ü·Î¼­; À¯±â ÇÕ¼º°ú; ÀǾà¿ë µî¿¡ »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù.

(2) °èÇǾ˵¥È÷Æ®(cinnamaldehyde)(C6H5CH=CHCHO) : °­ÇÑ °èÇÇ ³¿»õ¸¦ °¡Áø ±â¸§ °°Àº Ȳ»ö ¾×ü·Î¼­; Çâ·á¿¡ »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù.

(3) ¾ËÆľƹнų²¾Ëµ¥È÷µå(¥á-amylcinnamaldehyde)

(4) 3-ÆĶó-Å¥¸Þ´Ò-2-¸ÞÆ¿ÇÁ·ÎÇǿ¾˵¥È÷µå(3-p-cumenyl-2-methylpropionaldehyde)

(5) Æä´Ò¾Æ¼¼Æ®¾Ëµ¥È÷µå(phenylacetaldehyde)(C6H5CH2CHO) : È÷¾Æ½Å½º(hyacinths) ³¿»õ°¡ °­ÇÑ ¾×ü·Î¼­ Çâ·á¿¡ »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù.

(B) ¾Ëµ¥È÷µå-¾ËÄڿ᤾˵¥È÷µå-¿¡Å׸£(ethers)¡¤¾Ëµ¥È÷µå-Æä³î°ú ±× ¹ÛÀÇ »ê¼Ò°ü´É¾Ëµ¥È÷µå(aldehyde-alcohols, aldehyde-ethers, aldehyde-phenols and aldehydes with other oxygen function)
¾Ëµ¥È÷µå¾ËÄÝ(aldehyde-alcohols)Àº ¾Ëµ¥È÷µå °ü´É±â¿Í ¾ËÄÚ¿Ã °ü´É±â¸¦ ÇÔÀ¯ÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Â È­ÇÕ¹°ÀÌ´Ù.
¾Ëµ¥È÷µå¿¡Å׸£(aldehyde-ehthers)´Â ¿ª½Ã ¾Ëµ¥È÷µå±â(-CHO)¸¦ ÇÔÀ¯ÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Â ¿¡Å׸£(ethers)ÀÌ´Ù.
¾Ëµ¥È÷µåÆä³î(aldehyde-phenols)Àº Æä³î¼ö»ê±â(C6H5OH)¿Í ¾Ëµ¥È÷µå±â(-CHO)¸¦ µ¿½Ã¿¡ ÇÔÀ¯ÇÏ´Â È­ÇÕ¹°ÀÌ´Ù.
¾Ëµ¥È÷µå¾ËÄÚ¿Ã(aldehyde-alcohols)¡¤¾Ëµ¥È÷µåÆä³î(aldehyde-phenols)¡¤¾Ëµ¥È÷µå¿¡Å׸£(aldehyde-ehthers)ÀÇ °¡Àå ÁÖ¿äÇÑ °ÍÀº ´ÙÀ½°ú °°´Ù.

(1) ¾Ëµ¹(aldol)(CH3CH(OH)CH2CHO) : ¾Æ¼¼Æ®¾Ëµ¥È÷µå(acetaldehyde)ÀÇ ¾Ëµ¹(aldol) ÃàÇÕÀ¸·Î ¾ò¾îÁö´Â; ¹«»öÀÇ ¾×ü·Î¼­ ±×´ë·Î µÎ¸é °áÁ¤»óÀÇ µ¢¾î¸®·Î ÁßÇÕÇÑ´Ù[ÆĶöµ¹(paraldol)]. À¯±â ÇÕ¼º¡¤Çöó½ºÆ½ÀÇ Á¦Á¶¿Í ºÎÀ¯¼±±¤¿ëÀ¸·Î »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù.

(2) È÷µå·Ï½Ã½ÃÆ®·Î³Ú¾Ëµ¥È÷µå(hydroxycitronellaldehyde)(C10H20O2) : ´ë´ÜÈ÷ °­ÇÑ Àº¹æ¿ï²ÉÀÇ ³¿»õ¸¦ Áö´Ñ ¹«»öÀÇ ¾à°£ ½Ã·´ »óÅÂÀÇ ¾×ü·Î¼­; Çâ·áÀÇ °íÂøÁ¦(fixative)·Î »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù.

(3) ±Û¸®Äݾ˵¥È÷µå(glycollaldehyde)(HOCH2CHO) : ¹«»öÀÇ °áÁ¤Ã¼·Î °áÁ¤È­ÇÑ´Ù.

(4) ¹Ù´Ò¸°(4-È÷µå·Ï½Ã-3-¸ÞÅå½Ãº¥Áî¾Ëµ¥È÷µå)[vanillin(4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzaldehyde)]* : 3,4-µðÈ÷µå·Ï½Ã-º¥Áî¾Ëµ¥È÷µå(ÇÁ·ÎÅäÄ«Å×Å¥¾Ëµ¥È÷µå)[3,4-dihydroxy-benzaldehyde(protocatechualdehyde)]ÀÇ ¸ÞÆ¿¿¡Å׸£(methyl ether)·Î¼­; ¹Ù´Ò¶ó¿¡ Á¸ÀçÇÏ°í ±¤ÅÃÀÌ ÀÖ´Â ¹Ù´Ã ¸ð¾çÀ̳ª °áÁ¤¼º ¹é»ö °¡·çÀÌ´Ù.

(5) ¿¡Æ¿¹Ù´Ò¸°(3-¿¡Åå½Ã-4-È÷µå·Ï½Ãº¥Áî¾Ëµ¥È÷µå)[ethylvanillin(3-ethoxy-4-hydroxybenzaldehyde)] : °í¿î ¹é»ö °áÁ¤Ã¼

(6) »ì¸®½Ç¾Ëµ¥È÷µå(¿À¸£Åä-È÷µå·Ï½Ãº¥Áî¾Ëµ¥È÷µå)[salicylaldehyde(o-hydroxybenzaldehyde)](HOC6H4CHO) : ¾´ ¾Æ¸óµåÀÇ Æ¯À¯ÀÇ ³¿»õ¸¦ Áö´Â ¹«»öÀÇ ±â¸§ °°Àº ¾×ü·Î¼­ ÇÕ¼º Çâ·áÀÇ Á¦Á¶¿ëÀ¸·Î »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù.

(7) 3,4-µðÈ÷µå·Ï½Ãº¥Áî¾Ëµ¥È÷µå(ÇÁ·ÎÅäÄ«Å×Å¥¾Ëµ¥È÷µå)((HO)2C6H3CHO) : ±¤Åà ÀÖ´Â ¹«»öÀÇ °áÁ¤Ã¼

(8) ¾Æ´Ï½º¾Ëµ¥È÷µå(anisaldehyde)(CH3OC6H4CHO)(ÆĶó-¸ÞÅå½Ãº¥Áî¾Ëµ¥È÷µå)(p-methoxybenzaldehyde). ¹«»öÀÇ ¾×ü·Î¼­ ¾Æ´Ï½ºÀÇ ¿­¸Å(aniseed)¿Í ȸÇâÀ¯(üíúÅêú : fennel oil)¿¡¼­ ¹ß°ßµÈ´Ù. "È£µ· Á¤À¯(hawthorn essence)(aubepine : »ê»ç³ª¹«)"¶ó´Â À̸§À¸·Î Çâ·á¿¡ »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù.

(C) ¾Ëµ¥È÷µå(aldehydes)ÀÇ È¯½ÄÁßÇÕü

(1) Æ®¸®¿Á»ê(Æ®¸®¿Á½Ã¸ÞÆ¿·»)[trioxan(trioxymethylene)]* : Æ÷¸§¾Ëµ¥È÷µå(formaldehyde)ÀÇ °íüÁßÇÕ¹°·Î¼­; ¹°¡¤¾ËÄÚ¿ÃÀ̳ª ¿¡Å׸£(ether)¿¡ ³ì´Â ¹é»ö °áÁ¤Ã¼ÀÌ´Ù.

(2) ÆĶó¾Ëµ¥È÷µå(paraldehyde) : ¿¡Åº¾Ë(ethanal)ÀÇ ÁßÇÕü·Î¼­; ¿¡Å׸£(ether)¿Í °°Àº ³¿»õ¸¦ °¡Áö´Â ¹«»ö ¾×ü·Î¼­ ÀÎÈ­¼ºÀÌ °­Çϸç, À¯±â ÇÕ¼º¿ë°ú ÀǾàÇ°(ÃÖ¸éÁ¦¡¤»ì±ÕÁ¦) µîÀ¸·Î »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù.

(3) ¸ÞŸ¾Ëµ¥È÷µå(metaldehyde) : ¿¡Åº¾Ë(ethanal)ÀÇ ÁßÇÕü·Î¼­; °áÁ¤¼ºÀÇ ¹é»ö °¡·ç »óÅ·Π¹°¿¡ ³ìÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù. ÀÌ È£¿¡ ºÐ·ùÇÏ´Â ¸ÞŸ¾Ëµ¥È÷µå(metaldehyde)´Â °áÁ¤À̳ª °¡·ç »óÅÂÀÎ °Í¿¡¸¸ ÇÑÁ¤ÇÑ´Ù.
¿¬·á·Î »ç¿ëÇϱâ À§ÇÑ ¸ð¾ç[¿¹: µÕ±Û³ÐÀûÇÑ(tablet) ¸ð¾ç¡¤¸·´ë(stick) ¸ð¾çÀ̳ª ÀÌ¿Í À¯»çÇÑ ¸ð¾ç]À¸·Î ÇÑ ¸ÞŸ¾Ëµ¥È÷µå(metaldehyde)´Â ÀÌ È£¿¡¼­ Á¦¿ÜÇÑ´Ù(Á¦3606È£)[Á¦36·ùÀÇ ÁÖ Á¦2È£°¡¸ñ ÂüÁ¶].

(D) ÆĶóÆ÷¸§¾Ëµ¥È÷µå(paraformaldehydes)
Æ÷¸§¾Ëµ¥È÷µå(formaldehyde)ÀÇ ¼ö¿ë¾×À» Áõ¹ß½ÃÄÑ ¾ò¾îÁö´Â ÁßÇÕü(HO(CH2O)nH)ÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ°ÍÀº Æ÷¸§¾Ëµ¥È÷µå(formaldehyde)ÀÇ ³¿»õ°¡ °­ÇÑ ¹é»öÀÇ Ç÷¹ÀÌÅ©(flake) ¸ð¾çÀ̳ª °¡·ç »óÅÂÀÇ °íü ¹°ÁúÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ°ÍÀº Çöó½ºÆ½¡¤¹æ¼ö ±³ÂøÁ¦¿Í ÀÇ·á¿ëÇ°ÀÇ Á¦Á¶¿¡ »ç¿ëÇÏ´Â ¿Ü¿¡ »ì±ÕÁ¦¿Í º¸Á¸Á¦·Î¼­µµ »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù.
ÀÌ È£¿¡´Â ¾ËÄÚ¿ÃÀÇ ¼úÆùÈ­(sulphonated) À¯µµÃ¼·Î ºÐ·ùÇÏ´Â Áß¾ÆȲ»ê¾Ëµ¥È÷µå(aldehyde-bisulphite)ÀÇ È­ÇÕ¹°Àº Á¦¿ÜÇÑ´Ù(Á¦2905È£ºÎÅÍ Á¦2911È£±îÁö).

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