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29.17 - Æú¸®Ä«¸£º¹½Ã»ê°ú À̵éÀÇ ¹«¼ö¹°(Ùíâ©Úª)¡¤ÇҷΰÕÈ­¹°¡¤°ú»êÈ­¹°¡¤°ú»êÈ­»ê, À̵éÀÇ ÇҷΰÕÈ­À¯µµÃ¼¡¤¼úÆùÈ­À¯µµÃ¼¡¤´ÏÆ®·ÎÈ­À¯µµÃ¼¡¤´ÏÆ®·Î¼ÒÈ­À¯µµÃ¼

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ÀÌ È£¿¡´Â Æú¸®Ä«¸£º¹½Ã»ê°ú ¹«¼ö¹°(Ùíâ©Úª : anhydrides)¡¤ÇҷΰÕÈ­¹°¡¤°ú»êÈ­¹°¡¤°ú»êÈ­»ê¡¤¿¡½ºÅ׸£(esters)¡¤¿°°ú À̵éÀÇ ÇҷΰÕÈ­(halogenated)À¯µµÃ¼¡¤¼úÆùÈ­(sulphonated)À¯µµÃ¼¡¤´ÏÆ®·ÎÈ­(nitrated)À¯µµÃ¼¡¤´ÏÆ®·Î¼ÒÈ­(nitrosated)À¯µµÃ¼(º¹ÇÕÀ¯µµÃ¼¸¦ Æ÷ÇÔÇÑ´Ù)¸¦ ºÐ·ùÇÑ´Ù.

(A) ºñȯ½Ä Æú¸®Ä«¸£º¹½Ã»ê(polycarboxylic acids)°ú ±× ¿¡½ºÅ׸£¡¤¿°°ú À¯µµÃ¼

(1) ¿Á»ì»ê(oxalic acid)(HOOCCOOH) : µ¶¼ºÀÌ°í ¹«Ã롤¹«»ö¡¤Åõ¸íÀÇ ¹Ì¼¼ÇÑ °áÁ¤Ã¼·Î¼­ Á÷¹°°ú °¡Á×ÀÇ Ç¥¹éÁ¦¡¤Á÷¹°°ø¾÷ÀÇ ¸Å¿°Á¦(ØÚæøð¥ : mordant)¡¤À¯±â ÇÕ¼º¿¡ »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù.
¿Á»ì»êÀÇ ÁÖµÈ ¿°Àº ¿Á»ì»ê¾Ï¸ð´½¡¤¿Á»ì»êÄ®·ý¡¤¿Á»ì»ê³ªÆ®·ý¡¤¿Á»ì»êÄ®½·¡¤¿Á»ì»êö°ú ¿Á»ì»ê¾Ï¸ð´½Ã¶ÀÌ´Ù.
¿Á»ì»êÀÇ ÁÖµÈ ¿¡½ºÅ׸£(esters)´Â ¿Á»ì»êµð¸ÞÆ¿°ú ¿Á»ì»êµð¿¡Æ¿ÀÌ´Ù.

(2) ¾ÆµðÇÁ»ê(adipic acid)(HOOC(CH2)4COOH) : ¹«»ö ¹Ù´Ã ¸ð¾çÀÇ °áÁ¤Ã¼·Î¼­ ƯÈ÷ Çöó½ºÆ½ ¹°Áú(¿¹: Æú¸®¾Æ¹Ìµå)Á¦Á¶¿¡ »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù.

(3) ¾ÆÁ©¶ó»ê(azelaic acid)* : Ȳ»öºÎÅÍ ¹é»ö±îÁö °áÁ¤¼º °¡·ç·Î¼­; ƯÈ÷ Çöó½ºÆ½[¾ËÅ°µå¼öÁö(alkyd resins)¡¤Æú¸®¾Æ¹Ìµå(polyamides)¡¤Æú¸®¿ì·»Åº] Á¦Á¶¿¡ »ç¿ëÇÏ°í ±× ¹ÛÀÇ À¯±â ÇÕ¼º¿¡ »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù.

(4) ¼¼¹Ù½º»ê(sebacic acid) : ¹é»ö ³ª¹µÀÙ ¸ð¾çÀÌ°í; ƯÈ÷ Çöó½ºÆ½[¾ËÅ°µå¼öÁö(alkyd resins)¡¤¸»·¹»ê(maleic)°ú ±× ¹ÛÀÇ Æú¸®¿¡½ºÅ׸£(polyesters)¡¤Æú¸®¿ì·¹Åº]ÀÇ ¾ÈÁ¤Á¦·Î »ç¿ëÇϸç, Çöó½ºÆ½Á¦Á¶¿¡ »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù.

(5) ¹«¼ö¸»·¹»ê(maleic anhydride)* : ¹«»ö °áÁ¤¼º µ¢¾î¸® »óÅ·μ­ Çöó½ºÆ½(Æú¸®¿¡½ºÅ׸£(polyesters) Á¦Á¶¿Í À¯±â ÇÕ¼º¿¡ »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù.

(6) ¸»·¹»ê(maleic acid)(HOOCCH=CHCOOH) : ¹«»öÀÇ Å« °áÁ¤Ã¼³ª ºí·Ï ¸ð¾çÀ¸·Î¼­; ƯÈ÷ ƯÁ¤ÀÇ Çöó½ºÆ½[¿¹: Æú¸®¿¡½ºÅ׸£(polyesters)]ÀÇ Á¦Á¶¿¡ »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù.

(7) ¸»·Ð»ê(malonic acid)(HOOCCH2COOH) : ¹«»öÀÇ Å« Ç÷¹ÀÌÅ©(flake) ¸ð¾çÀÇ °áÁ¤Ã¼ÀÌ´Ù.
¸»·Ð»êÀÇ °¡Àå Áß¿äÇÑ ¿¡½ºÅ׸£(esters)¿¡´Â ¸»·Ð»ê µð¿¡Æ¿(diethyl malonate)ÀÌ Æ÷ÇԵǸç À¯±â ÇÕ¼º(¿¹: ¹Ù¸£ºñÅõ¸£»ê¿°°ú °°Àº ÀǾàÇ°ÀÇ ÇÕ¼º)¿¡ »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù.

(8) ¼÷½Å»ê(succinic acid)(HOOCC(CH2)2COOH) : ¹«»ö¡¤¹«Ã롤Åõ¸íÀÇ °áÁ¤Ã¼·Î¼­ À¯±â ÇÕ¼º¿¡ »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù.

(B) Æ÷È­Áöȯ½Ä¡¤ºÒÆ÷È­Áöȯ½ÄÀ̳ª ½ÃŬ·ÎÅ׸£Ææ Æú¸®Ä«¸£º¹½Ã»ê°ú ±× ¹«¼ö¹°(Ùíâ©Úª)¡¤ÇҷΰÕÈ­¹°¡¤°ú»êÈ­¹°¡¤°ú»êÈ­»ê°ú À̵éÀÇ À¯µµÃ¼

(C) ¹æÇâÁ·(Û»úÅðé) Æú¸®Ä«¸£º¹½Ã»ê(polycarboxylic acids)°ú ±× ¿¡½ºÅ׸£¡¤¿°°ú ±× ¹ÛÀÇ À¯µµÃ¼

(1) ¹«¼öÇÁÅ»»ê(phthalic anhydride)(C6H4(CO)2O)* : ¹ÝÅõ¸íÇÑ ¹é»ö ¹Ù´Ã ¸ð¾çÀÇ °áÁ¤Ã¼¡¤µ¢¾î¸® ¸ð¾çÀÇ °áÁ¤Ã¼³ª ¹é»ö Ç÷¹ÀÌÅ©(flake) ¸ð¾çÀ¸·Î¼­; ´ë´ÜÈ÷ °¡º±°í ºÎÇÇ°¡ Å©¸ç ƯÀ¯ÀÇ ³¿»õ¸¦ Áö´Ï°í ÀÖÀ¸¸ç À¯±â ÇÕ¼º [Çöó½ºÆ½¹°Áú(¾ËÅ°µå¼öÁö(alkyd resins))°ú °¡¼ÒÁ¦(ʦá±ð¥ : plasticizer) µî]¿¡ »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù.

(2) º¥Á¨µðÄ«¸£º¹½Ã»ê(benzenedicarboxylic acids)(¿À¸£Å䡤¸ÞŸ¿Í ÆĶó)(C6H4(COOH)2) : ¿À¸£Å亥Á¨µðÄ«¸£º¹½Ã»êÀº º¸Åë ÇÁÅ»»ê(phthalic acid)À̶ó ºÎ¸£°í(¿À¸£ÅäÇÁÅ»»ê), ¸ÞŸº¥Á¨µðÄ«¸£º¹½Ã»êÀº º¸Åë À̼ÒÇÁÅ»»ê(isophthalic acid)À̶ó ºÎ¸£¸ç ÆĶóº¥Á¨µðÄ«¸£º¹½Ã»êÀº Å×·¹ÇÁÅ»»ê(terephthalic acid)À̶ó ºÎ¸¥´Ù. À̵éÀº °áÁ¤Ã¼·Î¼­ ÇÕ¼º Âø»ö¹°Áú Á¦Á¶¿Í Çöó½ºÆ½(¾ËÅ°µå¼öÁö) Á¦Á¶¿Í °¡¼ÒÁ¦(ʦá±ð¥ : plasticizer)ÀÇ Á¦Á¶¿¡ »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù.
À̵éÀÇ ¿¡½ºÅ׸£(esters)¿¡´Â ¿À¸£ÅäÇÁÅ»»ê¡¤µð¿¡Æ¿¡¤µðºÎÆ¿(µð-³ë¸£¸»ºÎÆ¿¡¤µðÀ̼ҺÎÆ¿ µî)¡¤µð¿ÁÆ¿[µð-³ë¸£¸»-¿ÁÆ¿¡¤µðÀ̼ҿÁÆ¿¡¤ºñ½º(2-¿¡Æ¿Çí½Ç) µî]¡¤µð³ë´Ò(µð-³ë¸£¸»-³ë´Ò)¡¤µðÀ̼ҳë´Ò µî, µðµ¥½Ç(µð-³ë¸£¸»-µ¥½Ç µî)À̳ª µð½ÃŬ·ÎÇٽǰú ¿À¸£ÅäÇÁÅ»»êÀÇ ±× ¹ÛÀÇ ¿¡½ºÅ׸£(esters)[¿¹: ¿¡Æ¿·» ±Û¸®ÄÝ¿¡½ºÅ׸£(ethylene glycol esters)ÀÇ ÇÁÅ»»ê°ú Å×·¹ÇÁÅ»»ê*ÀÇ µð¸ÞÆ¿°ú ±× ¹ÛÀÇ ¿¡½ºÅ׸£(esters)]¸¦ Æ÷ÇÔÇÑ´Ù.

(3) µðŬ·Î·ÎÇÁÅ»»ê(dichlorophthalic acids)°ú Å×Æ®¶óŬ·Î·ÎÇÁÅ»»ê(tetrachlorophthalic acids)°ú À̵éÀÇ ¹«¼ö¹°(Ùíâ©Úª)

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