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29.16 - ºÒÆ÷È­ºñȯ½Ä¸ð³ëÄ«¸£º¹½Ã»ê¡¤È¯½Ä¸ð³ëÄ«¸£º¹½Ã»ê°ú À̵éÀÇ ¹«¼ö¹°(Ùíâ©Úª)¡¤ÇҷΰÕÈ­¹°¡¤°ú»êÈ­¹°¡¤°ú»êÈ­»ê, À̵éÀÇ ÇҷΰÕÈ­À¯µµÃ¼¡¤¼úÆùÈ­À¯µµÃ¼¡¤´ÏÆ®·ÎÈ­À¯µµÃ¼¡¤´ÏÆ®·Î¼ÒÈ­À¯µµÃ¼

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ÀÌ È£¿¡´Â ºÒÆ÷È­ºñȯ½Ä ¸ð³ëÄ«¸£º¹½Ã»ê(monocarboxylic acids)°ú ȯ½Ä Ä«¸£º¹½Ã»ê°ú ±× ¹«¼ö¹°(Ùíâ©Úª : anhydrides)¡¤ÇҷΰÕÈ­¹°¡¤°ú»êÈ­¹°¡¤°ú»êÈ­»ê¡¤¿¡½ºÅ׸£(esters)¡¤¿°°ú À̵éÀÇ ÇҷΰÕÈ­(halogenated)À¯µµÃ¼¡¤¼úÆùÈ­(sulphonated)À¯µµÃ¼¡¤´ÏÆ®·ÎÈ­(nitrated)À¯µµÃ¼¡¤´ÏÆ®·Î¼ÒÈ­(nitrosated)À¯µµÃ¼(º¹ÇÕ À¯µµÃ¼¸¦ Æ÷ÇÔ)¸¦ ºÐ·ùÇÑ´Ù.

(A) ºÒÆ÷È­ºñȯ½Ä ¸ð³ëÄ«¸£º¹½Ã»ê(unsaturated acyclic monocarboxylic)°ú ±× ¿°¡¤¿¡½ºÅ׸£¿Í ±× ¹ÛÀÇ À¯µµÃ¼

(1) ¾ÆÅ©¸±»ê(acrylic acid)(CH2=CHCOOH)* : ¸Å¿î ³¿»õ¸¦ °®´Â ¹«»ö ¾×üÀÌ´Ù. ½±°Ô ÁßÇյǸç; Æú¸®¾ÆÅ©¸±»ê°ú ±× ¹ÛÀÇ ¾ÆÅ©¸±ÁßÇÕüÀÇ ´Ü·®Ã¼(Ó¤åÖô÷ : monomer)·Î »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù.

(2) ¸ÞŸ¾ÆÅ©¸±»ê(methacrylic acid) : ÀÌ »êÀÇ ¿¡½ºÅ׸£(esters) ÁßÇÕü´Â Çöó½ºÆ½ÀÇ ±¸¼º¿ä¼Ò°¡ µÈ´Ù(Á¦39·ù).

(3) ¿Ã·¹»ê(oleic acid)(C18H34O2) : ±Û¸®¼¼¶óÀ̵å(glyceride)·Î¼­ Áö¹æ°ú ±â¸§¿¡ Á¸ÀçÇÑ´Ù. ¹«»ö ¹«ÃëÀÇ ¾×ü·Î¼­ ¼·¾¾ ¾à 4¡ÉÀÇ ¿Âµµ¿¡¼­´Â ¹Ù´Ã ¸ð¾çÀ¸·Î °áÁ¤È­µÈ´Ù.
¹°¿¡ ³ì´Â ¿Ã·¹»ê¿°(oleic salts)[¿¹: ³ªÆ®·ý¡¤Ä®·ý°ú ¾Ï¸ð´½ ¿Ã·¹»ê¿°(ammonium oleates)]Àº ºñ´©(soaps)ÀÌÁö¸¸ ÀÌ È£¿¡ ºÐ·ùÇÑ´Ù.

(4) ¸®³î·¹»ê(linoleic acid)(C18H32O2) : ±Û¸®¼¼¶óÀ̵å(glyceride)·Î¼­ ¾Æ¸¶ÀÎÀ¯(linseed oil)¿¡ Á¸ÀçÇÏ´Â; °Ç¼ºÀÇ »êÀÌ´Ù.

(5) ¸®³î·»»ê(linolenic acid)(C18H30O2)

(6) ÇñƼ³ë»ê(heptynoic)°ú ¿ÁƼ³ë»ê(octynoic acids)

(B) Æ÷È­Áöȯ½Ä¡¤ºÒÆ÷È­Áöȯ½ÄÀ̳ª ½ÃŬ·ÎÅ׸£Ææ¸ð³ë Ä«¸£º¹½Ã»ê°ú ±× ¿°¡¤¿¡½ºÅ׸£¿Í ±× ¹ÛÀÇ À¯µµÃ¼

(1) ½ÃŬ·ÎÇí»êÄ«¸£º¹½Ã»ê(cyclohexanecarboxylic acid)

(2) ½ÃŬ·ÎÆæÅ״ҾƼ¼Æ®»ê(cyclopentenylacetic acid)

(C) ¹æÇâÁ· Æ÷È­ ¸ð³ëÄ«¸£º¹½Ã»ê°ú ±× ¿°¡¤¿¡½ºÅ׸£¿Í ±× ¹ÛÀÇ À¯µµÃ¼

(1) º¥Á¶»ê(benzoic acid)(C6H5COOH)* : ¾à°£ÀÇ ¼öÁö¿Í ¹ß»ï(balsams)¿¡ Á¸ÀçÇϸç ÇÕ¼º¿¡ ÀÇÇؼ­µµ Á¶¼ºµÈ´Ù. ¼ø¼öÇÑ »ê(acid)ÀÎ °æ¿ì¿¡´Â ¹é»ö ¹Ù´Ã ¸ð¾çÀÇ °áÁ¤Ã¼À̰ųª ±¤Åà ÀÖ´Â ¹é»öÀÇ Ç÷¹ÀÌÅ©(flake) ¸ð¾çÀ¸·Î ¹«ÃëÀÌ´Ù. ¹æºÎÁ¦·Î »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù.
À̵éÀÇ ÁÖ¿ä ¿°Àº º¥Á¶»ê¾Ï¸ð´½¡¤º¥Á¶»ê³ªÆ®·ý¡¤º¥Á¶»êÄ®·ý°ú º¥Á¶»êÄ®½·ÀÌ´Ù.
À̵éÀÇ ÁÖ¿ä ¿¡½ºÅ׸£(esters)´Â º¥Á¶»êº¥Áú¡¤º¥Á¶»ê³ªÇÁÆ¿¡¤º¥Á¶»ê¸ÞÆ¿¡¤º¥Á¶»ê¿¡Æ¿¡¤º¥Á¶»êÁ¦¶ó´Ò¡¤º¥Á¶»ê½ÃÆ®·Î³Ú¸±¡¤º¥Á¶»ê¸®³¯¸±°ú º¥Á¶»ê·Îµð´ÒÀÌ´Ù.
ÀÌ È£¿¡´Â ¶ÇÇÑ Æ¯È÷ ´ÙÀ½ÀÇ º¥Á¶»ê À¯µµÃ¼¸¦ Æ÷ÇÔÇÑ´Ù.

(a) °ú»êÈ­º¥Á¶ÀÏ(benzoyl peroxide) : ¹é»ö ¾Ë°»ÀÌ ¸ð¾ç °áÁ¤¼º °íü·Î¼­ ÀǾà¿ë¡¤°í¹«¿Í Çöó½ºÆ½ °ø¾÷¿ë°ú Áö¹æ¡¤±â¸§¡¤Á¦ºÐ µîÀÇ Ç¥¹éÁ¦·Î »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù.

(b) ¿°È­º¥Á¶ÀÏ(benzoyl chloride)(C6H5COCl) : ¹é»ö °áÁ¤Ã¼. µ¶Æ¯ÇÑ ³¿»õ¸¦ Áö´Ñ Ãַ缺ÀÇ ¹«»ö ¾×ü·Î¼­; °ø±â¿¡ ³ëÃâµÇ¸é ¹ß¿¬ÇÑ´Ù.

(c) ´ÏÆ®·Îº¥Á¶»ê(nitrobenzoic acids)(¿À¸£Å䡤¸ÞŸ¿Í ÆĶó)(O2NC6H4COOH)

(d) ¿°È­´ÏÆ®·Îº¥Á¶ÀÏ(nitrobenzoyl chloides)(¿À¸£Å䡤¸ÞŸ¿Í ÆĶó)(O2NC6H4COCl)

(e) Ŭ·Î·Îº¥Á¶»ê(cholorobenzoic acids)(ClC6H4COOH)

(f) µðŬ·Î·Îº¥Á¶»ê(dichlorobenzoic acids)(Cl2C6H3COOH)

(2) Æä´Ò¾Æ¼¼Æ®»ê(phenylacetic acid)(C6H5CH2COOH) : ²É³¿»õ°¡ ³ª´Â ¹é»ö ÆÇ ¸ð¾çÀÇ °áÁ¤ÀÌ´Ù. Çâ·á¿Í Çâ¹Ì·á¡¤Æä´Ï½Ç¸° G(Penicillin G)¿Í »ì±ÕÁ¦ÀÇ Á¦Á¶¡¤À¯±â ÇÕ¼º°ú ¾ÏÆ䟹ΠÇÕ¼º¿¡¼­ ¼±±¸¹°Áú(precursor)·Î »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù(Á¦29·ù ³¡¿¡ ¼±±¸¹°Áú°ú Çʼö È­Çй°ÁúÀÇ ¸ñ·Ï ÂüÁ¶).
À̵éÀÇ ÁÖ ¿¡½ºÅ׸£(main esters)´Â ¿¡Æ¿Æä´Ò¾Æ¼¼Å×ÀÌÆ®¡¤¸ÞÆ¿Æä´Ò¾Æ¼¼Å×ÀÌÆ®¿Í ¿À¸£Åä-¸ÞÅå½ÃÆä´Ò Æä´Ò¾Æ¼¼Å×ÀÌÆ®(±¸¾Æ´Ï¾ÆÄÝÆä´Ò¾Æ¼¼Å×ÀÌÆ®)µéÀÌ´Ù.

(3) Æä´ÒÇÁ·ÎÇǿ»ꡤ³ªÇÁÅä»ê(phenylpropionic, naphthoic acids)

(D) ¹æÇâÁ· ºÒÆ÷È­ ¸ð³ëÄ«¸£º¹½Ã»ê(carboxylic acids)°ú ±× ¿°¡¤¿¡½ºÅ׸£(esters)¿Í ±× ¹ÛÀÇ À¯µµÃ¼
°èÇÇ»ê(cinnamic acid)(C6H5CH=CHCOOH) : °èÇÇÀ¯(cinnamon oil)¿Í Åç·ç(Tolu) ¹ß»ï°ú Æä·ç ¹ß»ï ³»¿¡ Á¸ÀçÇÏ¸ç ¹«»öÀÇ °áÁ¤Ã¼ÀÌ´Ù.
À̵éÀÇ ÁÖ¿ä¿°Àº °èÇǻ곪Ʈ·ý°ú °èÇÇ»êÄ®·ýÀÌ´Ù.
ÁÖ¿ä ¿¡½ºÅ׸£(esters)´Â °èÇÇ»ê¸ÞÆ¿¡¤°èÇǻ꿡ƿ¡¤°èÇǻ꺥Áú°ú °èÇÇ»êÇÁ·ÎÇʷμ­ Çâ·á¿¡ »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù.


ÀÌ È£¿¡´Â ¼øµµ(âíÓø : purity) 85% ¹Ì¸¸(°ÇÁ¶ÇÑ ¹°Ç°À¸·Î °è»êÇÑ °Í)ÀÇ ¿Ã·¹»ê°ú ¼øµµ(âíÓø) 90% ¹Ì¸¸(°ÇÁ¶ÇÑ ¹°Ç°À¸·Î °è»êÇÑ °Í)ÀÇ ±× ¹ÛÀÇ Áö¹æ»ê(fatty acids)Àº Á¦¿ÜÇÑ´Ù(Á¦3823È£).
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