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29.07 - Æä³î°ú Æä³î¾ËÄÚ¿Ã

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Æä³î(phenols)Àº º¥Á¨°í¸®(benzene ring)ÀÇ Çϳª³ª ±× ÀÌ»óÀÇ ¼ö¼Ò¿øÀÚ°¡ ¼ö»ê±â(hydroxyl radical)(-OH)·Î ġȯÇÏ¿© ¾ò¾îÁø´Ù.
¼ö¼Ò ¿øÀÚ ÇÑ °³°¡ ġȯµÇ¸é 1°¡ Æä³î(¸ð³ëÆä³î)[phenols(monophenols)]À̶ó Çϸç; µÎ °³ ÀÌ»óÀÇ ¼ö¼Ò¿øÀÚ°¡ ġȯµÇ¸é ´Ù°¡Æä³î(Æú¸®Æä³î)[polyhydric phenols(polyphenols)]À̶ó ÇÑ´Ù.
º¥Á¨(benzene)ÀÇ Ä¡È¯¿¡ µû¶ó º¥Á¨°í¸®ÀÇ Çϳª³ª µÎ °³ ÀÌ»ó¿¡ ¿µÇâÀ» Áִµ¥; º¥Á¨ °í¸®(benzene ring)°¡ ÇÑ °³ÀÎ °ÍÀº ´ÜÇÙ Æä³î(mononuclear phenol), µÎ °³ ÀÌ»óÀÎ °ÍÀº ´ÙÇÙ Æä³î(polynuclear phenol)À̶ó ÇÑ´Ù.
¼ö»ê±â(hydroxyl group)´Â º¥Á¨µ¿Á·°è(benzene homologues)ÀÇ Ä¡È¯Ã¼·Îµµ Á¸ÀçÇϹǷÎ; Åç·ç¿£(toluene)ÀÇ °æ¿ì Æä³îµ¿Á·°è(phenol homologue)·Î¼­ Å©·¹Á¹(cresol)ÀÌ ¾ò¾îÁö¸ç, Å©½Ç·»(xylen)ÀÇ °æ¿ì Å©½Ç·¹³î(xylenol)ÀÌ ¾ò¾îÁø´Ù.
ÀÌ È£´Â Æä³î(phenol)À̳ª Æä³î¾ËÄÚ¿Ã(phenol-alcohols)ÀÇ ¿°°ú ±Ý¼Ó ¾ËÄڿ÷¹ÀÌÆ®(metal alcoholates)µµ Æ÷ÇÔÇÑ´Ù.

(A) ´ÜÇÙ 1°¡ Æä³î(phenols)

(1) Æä³î(È÷µå·Ï½Ãº¥Á¨)[phenol(hydroxybenzene)](C6H5OH) : ÄÝŸ¸£(coal tar)ÀÇ ºÐº°Áõ·ù³ª ÇÕ¼º¿¡ ÀÇÇÏ¿© ¾ò¾îÁö¸ç ƯÀÌÇÑ ³¿»õ¸¦ °¡Áø ¹é»öÀÇ °áÁ¤Ã¼·Î¼­ ºû¿¡ ³ëÃâµÇ¸é Àû»öÀ¸·Î º¯ÇÏ¸ç ¶ÇÇÑ ¿ë¾×ÀÎ °æ¿ìµµ ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÌ°ÍÀº ¾àÁ¦¿¡¼­ »ç¿ëÇÏ´Â ¹æºÎÁ¦ÀÇ ÀÏÁ¾ÀÌ¸ç ¶ÇÇÑ Æø¾à¡¤ÇÕ¼º¼öÁö¡¤Çöó½ºÆ½¡¤°¡¼ÒÁ¦(ʦá±ð¥ : plasticizer)¡¤¿°·áÀÇ Á¦Á¶¿¡ »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù.
ÀÌ È£¿¡ Àü Áß·®ÀÇ 90% ÀÌ»óÀÇ Æä³î(phenol)¸¸ ºÐ·ùÇÏ°í ¼øµµ(âíÓø)°¡ ±× ¹Ì¸¸ÀÎ Àú¼øµµ Æä³îÀº Á¦¿ÜÇÑ´Ù(Á¦2707È£).

(2) Å©·¹Á¹(cresols)(CH3C6H4OH)* : Åç·ç¿£(toluene)À¸·ÎºÎÅÍ À¯µµµÈ Æä³î(phenol)Àº ÄÝŸ¸£À¯(coal tar oil)¼Ó¿¡ ¿©·¯ °¡ÁöÀÇ ºñÀ²·Î Á¸ÀçÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù.
¿À¸£ÅäÅ©·¹Á¹(o-cresol)Àº Æä³îÀÇ µ¶Æ¯ÇÑ ³¿»õ¸¦ °¡Áö´Â ¹é»ö °áÁ¤ÀÇ °¡·ç·Î¼­ Á¶Çؼº(ðÍú°àõ)ÀÌ ÀÖ°í ¿À·¡ ¹¬À¸¸é °¥»öÀ¸·Î º¯Çϸç; ¸ÞŸũ·¹Á¹(m-cresol)Àº Å©·¹¿À¼ÒÆ®(creosote)ÀÇ ³¿»õ¸¦ °®´Â ±¼Àý¼ºÀÌ °­ÇÑ ¹«»öÀ̳ª Ȳ»ö ±â¸§ °°Àº ¾×üÀÌ´Ù.; ÆĶóÅ©·¹Á¹Àº ¹«»ö °áÁ¤¼ºÀÇ µ¢¾î¸®·Î¼­ ºûÀ» ¹ÞÀ¸¸é Àû»ö¿¡¼­ °¥»öÀ¸·Î º¯Çϸç; Æä³î(phenol)ÀÇ ³¿»õ¸¦ °¡Áö°í ÀÖ´Ù.
ÀÌ È£¿¡¼­ÀÇ ¸ðµç Å©·¹Á¹(cresols)Àº À̼ºÁúü ÇÕ°è ÇÔÀ¯·®ÀÌ Àü Áß·®ÀÇ 95% ÀÌ»óÀÎ ´ÜÀÏÀ̳ª È¥ÇÕµÈ °ÍÀº ÀÌ È£¿¡ ºÐ·ùÇÏ°í ¼øµµ(âíÓø)°¡ ±× ¹Ì¸¸ÀÎ Àú¼øµµ Å©·¹Á¹Àº Á¦¿ÜÇÑ´Ù(Á¦2707È£).

(3) ¿ÁÆ¿Æä³î(octylphenol)¡¤³ë´ÒÆä³î(nonylphenol)°ú À̵éÀÇ À̼ºÁúü

(4) Å©½Ç·¹³î(xylenols)((CH3)2C6H3OH) : Å©½Ç·»(xylene)ÀÇ Æä³î(phenol)À¯µµÃ¼·Î¼­ 6°³ÀÇ À̼ºÁúü·Î ¾Ë·ÁÁ® ÀÖÀ¸¸ç; ÄÝŸ¸£À¯(coal tar oil)¿¡¼­ ¾ò¾îÁø´Ù.
ÀÌ È£¿¡´Â À̼ºÁúüÀÇ ÇÕ°è ÇÔÀ¯·®ÀÌ Àü Áß·®ÀÇ 95% ÀÌ»óÀÎ ´ÜÀÏÀ̳ª È¥ÇÕ Å©½Ç·¹³î(xylenols)À» ºÐ·ùÇÏ°í ±× ¹Ì¸¸ÀÇ Àú¼øµµ Å©½Ç·¹³îÀº Á¦¿ÜÇÑ´Ù(Á¦2707È£).

(5) Ƽ¸ô(5-¸ÞÆ¿-2-À̼ÒÇÁ·ÎÇÊÆä³î)[thymol(5-methyl-2-isopropylphenol) : ¹é¸®ÇâÀ¯(thyme oil)¿¡ Á¸ÀçÇÏ¸ç ¹é¸®ÇâÀÇ ³¿»õ¸¦ Áö´Ñ ¹«»ö °áÁ¤Ã¼·Î¼­; ÀǾࡤÇâ·á µî¿¡ »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù.

(6) Ä«¸£¹ÙÅ©·Ñ(2-¸ÞÆ¿-5-À̼ÒÇÁ·ÎÇÊ·¹³î)[carvacrol(2-methyl-5-isopropylphenol)] : ¿À¸®°¡´½À¯(origanum oil)·ÎºÎÅÍ ¾ò¾îÁö´Â Ƽ¸ô(thymol) À̼ºÁúü·Î¼­; Â´Â µíÇÑ ³¿»õ¸¦ Áö´Ñ Á¡Á¶¼º ¾×üÀÌ´Ù.

(B) ´ÙÇÙ 1°¡ Æä³î(phenols)

(1) ³ªÇÁÅç(naphthols)(C10H7OH) : ³ªÇÁÅ»·»(naphthalene)À¸·ÎºÎÅÍ À¯µµµÈ Æä³î·ù·Î¼­ µÎ °¡ÁöÀÇ À̼ºÁúü°¡ ÀÖ´Ù.

(a) ¾ËÆijªÇÁÅç(¥á-naphthol) : Æä³î(phenols)À» ¾à°£ ¿¬»óÄÉ ÇÏ´Â ºÒÄèÇÑ ³¿»õ¸¦ Áö´Ñ ¹«»ö ±¤Åà ÀÖ´Â ¹Ù´Ã ¸ð¾ç °áÁ¤Ã¼¡¤°¥»öÀÇ µ¢¾î¸® ¸ð¾çÀ̳ª ¹é»ö °¡·ç »óÅÂÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ´Â µ¶¼ºÀÌ ÀÖÀ¸¸ç À¯±â ÇÕ¼º(¿°·á µî)¿¡ »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù.

(b) º£Å¸³ªÇÁÅç(¥â-naphthol) : ±¤ÅüºÀÇ ¹«»ö Ç÷¹ÀÌÅ©(flake) ¸ð¾çÀ̳ª °áÁ¤ »óÅÂÀÇ °¡·ç·Î¼­ ¹é»öÀ̳ª ¿¯Àº ºÐÈ«»öÀ̸ç Æä³î(phenol)ÀÇ ³¿»õ°¡ ¾à°£ ÀÖ´Ù. ¾ËÆijªÇÁÅç(¥á-naphthol)°ú °°Àº ¿ëµµ·Î »ç¿ëÇϰųª ÀǾà¿ë°ú °í¹«»êÈ­¹æÁöÁ¦ µîÀ¸·Î »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù.

(2) ¿À¸£ÅäÆä´ÒÆä³î(o-phenylphenol)

(C) ´Ù°¡Æä³î(polyphenols)

(1) ·¹¼Ò¸£½Ã³î(¸ÞŸ-µðÈ÷µå·Ï½Ãº¥Á¨)[resorcinol(m-dihydroxybenzene)] : 2°¡ Æä³î(phenol)·Î¼­; ¹Ù´Ã ¸ð¾çÀ̳ª µÕ±Û³ÐÀûÇÑ(tablet) ¸ð¾çÀÇ ¹«»ö °áÁ¤Ã¼À̸ç; ¾à°£ÀÇ Æä³î(phenol) ³¿»õ¸¦ Áö´Ï°í °ø±â¿¡ ³ëÃâµÇ¸é °¥»öÀ¸·Î º¯ÇÑ´Ù. ÇÕ¼º¿°·á¡¤Æø¾àÁ¦Á¶¿Í ÀǾà°ú »çÁø¿ë¿¡ »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù.

(2) È÷µå·ÎÄû³í(Äû³î¡¤ÆĶó-µðÈ÷µå·Ï½Ãº¥Á¨)[hydroquinone(quinol, p-dihydroxybenzene) : ±¤ÅüºÀÌ ÀûÀº Ç÷¹ÀÌÅ©(flake) ¸ð¾çÀÇ °áÁ¤Ã¼·Î¼­ À¯±â¿°·áÀÇ Á¦Á¶¡¤ÀǾà°ú »çÁø¿ëÀ̳ª ƯÈ÷ °í¹« Á¦Á¶ÀÇ »êÈ­¹æÁöÁ¦·Î »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù.

(3) 4,4'-À̼ÒÇÁ·ÎÇʸ®µ§µðÆä³î(ºñ½ºÆä³î ¿¡ÀÌ¡¤µðÆä´Ò¿ÃÇÁ·ÎÆÇ)[4,4'-isopropylidenediphenol (bisphenol A, diphenylolpropane)* : ¹é»ö Ç÷¹ÀÌÅ©(flake) ¸ð¾ç

(4) ÇÇ·ÎÄ«Å×ÄÝ(¿À¸£Åä-µðÈ÷µå·Ï½Ãº¥Á¨)[pyrocatechol(o-dihydroxybenzene)] : ¹«»ö ±¤Åüº °áÁ¤ÁúÀÇ ¹Ù´Ã ¸ð¾çÀ̳ª µÕ±Û³ÐÀûÇÑ(tablet) ¸ð¾çÀ¸·Î ¾à°£ Æä³î(phenol) ³¿»õ°¡ ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, ÀÇ·á¿ëÇ°°ú »çÁø¿ëÇ° Á¦Á¶¿¡ »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù.

(5) Çí½Ç·¹¼Ò¸£½Ã³î(hexylresorcinol)

(6) ÇñÆ¿·¹¼Ò¸£½Ã³î(heptylresorcinol)

(7) 2,5-µð¸ÞÆ¿È÷µå·ÎÄû³í(2,5-µð¸ÞÆ¿Äû³î)[2,5-dimethylhydroquinone(2,5-dimethylquinol)]

(8) ÇǷΰ¥·Ñ(pyrogallol) : ÀÛÀº ºñ´Ã ¸ð¾çÀÇ ¹é»ö °áÁ¤ °¡·ç·Î¼­ °¡º±°í ³¿»õ°¡ ¾øÀ¸¸ç; °ø±â¿Í ºû¿¡ ½±°Ô °¥»öÀ¸·Î º¯ÇÏ°í µ¶¼ºÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù. ¸Å¿°Á¦(ØÚæøð¥ : mordant)¡¤¿°·á¿Í »çÁø¿ë µîÀ¸·Î »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù.

(9) Ç÷ηα۷ç½Ã³î(phloroglucinol) : ¹«»öÀÇ ±½Àº °áÁ¤Ã¼ÀÌ¸ç ¼ö¿ë¾×Àº Çü±¤»öÀÌ ³ª¸ç; È­ÇÐ ºÐ¼® ½Ã¾à¡¤ÀǾࡤ»çÁø¿ë µîÀ¸·Î »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù.

(10) È÷µå·Ï½ÃÈ÷µå·ÎÄû³í(1,2,4-Æ®¸®È÷µå·Ï½Ãº¥Á¨)[hydroxyhydroquinone(1,2,4-trihydroxybenzene)] : ¹«»ö ¹Ì°áÁ¤À̳ª °¡·ç·Î¼­ ºû¿¡ ³ëÃâµÇ¸é °Ë°Ô º¯ÇÑ´Ù.

(11) µðÈ÷µå·Ï½Ã³ªÇÁÅ»·»(dihydroxynaphthalenes)(C10H6(OH)2) : ³ªÇÁÅ»·»(naphthalene) ºÐÀÚ°í¸®¿¡ µÎ °³ÀÇ ¼ö¼Ò¿øÀÚ°¡ µÎ °³ÀÇ ¼ö»ê±â(hydroxyl groups)¿¡ ÀÇÇؼ­ ġȯµÊÀ¸·Î½á 10Á¾ÀÇ È­ÇÕ¹°ÀÌ ¾ò¾îÁö¸ç À̵é ÀϺδ ¿°·á Á¦Á¶¿¡ »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù.

(D) Æä³î ¾ËÄÚ¿Ã(phenol-alcohols)
À̵éÀº º¥Á¨(benzene) °í¸® »óÀÇ ¼ö¼Ò¿øÀÚ Çϳª°¡ ÇÑ °³ÀÇ Æä³î¼º(phenolic) ¼ö»ê±â(hydroxyl group)·Î ġȯµÇ°í ´Ù¸¥ ÇÑ °³ÀÇ ¼ö¼Ò¿øÀÚ´Â ¾ËÄڿüº(alcoholic) ¼ö»ê±â(hydroxyl group)·Î ġȯµÈ ¹æÇâÁ·(Û»úÅðé) źȭ¼ö¼ÒÀÇ À¯µµÃ¼ÀÌ¸ç µû¶ó¼­ Æä³î(phenol)°ú ¾ËÄÚ¿ÃÀÇ ¾çÃø¼ºÁúÀ» °¡Áø´Ù.
°¡Àå Áß¿äÇÑ °ÍÀº »ì¸®½Ç¾ËÄÚ¿Ã(»ì¸®Á¦´Ñ)[salicyl alcohol(saligenin)](HOC6H4CH2OH)·Î¼­ ¹é»ö °áÁ¤À̸ç ÁøÅëÁ¦¿Í ÇØ¿­Á¦·Î¼­ ÀǾàÇ°¿¡ »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù.

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