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This heading covers :
(A) Cinematographic cameras (including cameras for cinephotomicrography). They are similar in principle to the photographic cameras of heading 90.06, but they have specialised features enabling them to take a series of pictures in rapid succession. (B) Cinematographic cameras for recording both image and sound on the same film. (C) Cinematographic projectors which are static or portable apparatus for the diascopic projection of moving pictures whether or not having a sound track on the same film. They have an optical system which consists essentially of a light source, reflector, condenser and projection lens. The projectors also have a mechanism, generally consisting of a maltese cross movement, which draws the film intermittently past the optical system, usually at the same rate as the film was taken, and the light source is cut off when the film is being moved through the projection gate. The light source in cinema projectors is commonly an electric arc-lamp, but filament lamps may be used in some projectors. Cinematographic projectors may be equipped with a device to rewind the film and with a fan. Some projectors may be equipped with a refrigerated water cooling system.
The heading includes special types of cinematographic projectors, for example, projectors which project magnifications of varying degree on to an optically flat surface to permit a scientific study of photographed phenomena. "Frames" may be examined singly or continuously at varying numbers of frames per second. On the other hand "animated" viewers, specially designed for editing films, are excluded (heading 90.10).
Cinematographic projectors may be combined with sound recording or reproducing apparatus, these being equipped with a reader which incorporates a photoelectric sound-head and a charge-coupled device. The sound tracks for most commercial films are printed in dual format, i.e., analogue and digital. The analogue format sound tracks are printed between the frames and the sprocket perforations whereas digital format sound tracks are printed either on the edges of the film, outside the sprocket perforations, or between the sprocket perforations. Some commercial films are printed with an analogue sound track and digital timecode information only on the edges of the film, where the digital sound track is not printed on the film but is recorded separately on a CD-ROM. As the film passes through the reader the photoelectric sound-head reads the analogue sound track and the charge-coupled device reads the digital sound track, or in the latter case the timecode information to ensure synchronisation of sound from the CD-ROM with the projected moving pictures. The printing of dual format sound tracks enables sound to be reproduced if one of the sound track formats is damaged or where the sound reproducing apparatus does not have dual format reading capability.
Other cinematographic projectors may be equipped with either a photoelectric or a magnetic sound-head depending upon the process used for recording the sound-track - or with both types of sound-head for alternative use. This heading covers motion picture cameras, etc., whether for the film industry or for use by amateurs. The heading also covers special type cinematographic cameras, e.g., those designed to be fitted on aircraft (aerial cinematography); watertight cameras for submarine cinematography; cameras and projectors for colour, three-dimensional (stereoscopic) or "panoramic" films.
Cinematographic apparatus presented without optical parts remain in this heading.
PARTS AND ACCESSORIES
Subject to the provisions of Notes 1 and 2 to this Chapter (see the General Explanatory Note), this heading also covers parts and accessories of the goods of this heading. Such parts and accessories include : camera bodies, tripods and stands; ball and socket mounting heads; casings ("blimps") designed to eliminate motor noise (other than those made of textile materials; these fall in heading 59.11); cases for portable cinematographic projectors, designed for use as projector stands; film cleaning devices (except those for laboratory apparatus; these fall in heading 90.10); multi-storey film cycling spools designed to simultaneously supply film to and rewind film from a cinematographic projector. As regards instruments and apparatus (e.g., microscopes, stroboscopes) equipped to record cinematographically, see the corresponding part of the Explanatory Note to heading 90.06. The heading also excludes : (a) Lifting or handling machinery (e.g., camera dollies) of Chapter 84. (b) Microphones, loudspeakers and audio-frequency electric amplifiers, other than those presented with and forming an integral part of any of the instruments of this heading (heading 85.18). (c) Sound recording or reproducing apparatus and television image and sound recording or reproducing apparatus (heading 85.19 or 85.21). (d) Photoelectric sound-heads (heading 85.22). (e) Television cameras (heading 85.25). (f) Video projectors (heading 85.28). (g) Apparatus and equipment for cinematographic laboratories, e.g., splicers, editing desks, etc. (heading 90.10). (h) Toy cinematographic projectors (heading 95.03).
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