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This heading covers :
(A) Peptones and their derivatives. (1) Peptones are soluble substances obtained when proteins are hydrolysed or submitted to the action of certain enzymes (pepsin, papain, pancreatin, etc.). They are usually white or yellowish powders and, being very hygroscopic, they are normally packed in airtight containers. Peptones may also be in solution. The main varieties are meat peptones, yeast peptones, blood peptones and casein peptones.
They are used in pharmacy, in food preparations, for bacterial cultures, etc. (2) Peptonates are derivatives of peptones. They are used principally in pharmacy; the most important are iron peptonates and manganese peptonates. (B) Other protein substances and their derivatives, not covered by a more specific heading in the Nomenclature, including in particular : (1) Glutelins and prolamins (e.g., gliadins extracted from wheat or rye, and zein extracted from maize), being cereal proteins. (2) Globulins, e.g., lactoglobulins and ovoglobulins (but see exclusion (d) at the end of the Explanatory Note). (3) Glycinin, the main soya protein. (4) Keratins obtained from hair, nails, horns, hoofs, feathers, etc. (5) Nucleoproteids, being proteins combined with nucleic acids, and their derivatives. Nucleoproteids are isolated, for example, from brewer's yeast, and their salts (of iron, copper, etc.) are used mainly in pharmacy.
However, nucleoproteids of mercury answering to a description in heading 28.52 are excluded. (6) Protein isolates obtained by extraction from a vegetable substance (e.g., defatted soya bean flour) and consisting of a mixture of proteins contained therein. The protein content of these isolates is generally not less than 90%. (C) Hide powder, whether or not chromed. Hide powder is used for the determination of tannin in natural tanning materials and in vegetable tanning extracts. It is virtually pure collagen and is obtained by careful preparation from fresh skins. The powder may contain a small quantity of added chrome alum (chromed hide powder), or it may be presented unchromed requiring addition of the chrome alum immediately prior to use. Hide powder so treated must not be confused with chrome leather dust, powder and flour of heading 41.15 which are not suitable for the determination of tannin and are of less value. The heading does not include : (a) Protein hydrolysates consisting mainly of a mixture of amino-acids and sodium chloride, and concentrates obtained by the elimination of certain constituents of defatted soya-bean flour, used as additives in food preparations (heading 21.06). (b) Precious metal proteinates (heading 28.43) or proteinates of headings 28.44 to 28.46 and28.52. (c) Nucleic acid and its salts (nucleates) (heading 29.34). (d) Fibrinogen, fibrin, blood globulins and serum globulins, human normal immunoglobulin and antisera (specific immunoglobulins) and other blood fractions (heading 30.02). (e) Products described in this heading when put up as medicaments (heading 30.03 or 30.04). (f) Enzymes (heading 35.07). (g) Hardened proteins (heading 39.13).
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