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Amines are organic nitrogen compounds containing the amine function (i.e., a function derived from ammonia by replacing one, two or three hydrogen atoms by one, two or three alkyl or aryl radicals R (methyl, ethyl, phenyl, etc.), respectively).
If only one hydrogen atom in the ammonia has been replaced, the result is a primary amine (RNH2); replacement of two hydrogen atoms gives a secondary amine (R-NH-R); and replacement of three hydrogen atoms results in a tertiary amine
Nitrosoamines, which may react in the tautomeric form of quinoneimine oximes, are included in this heading.
This heading covers also salts (for example, nitrates, acetates, citrates) and substitution derivatives of amines (for example, halogenated, sulphonated, nitrated or nitrosated derivatives); but it excludes substitution derivatives containing oxygen functions of headings 29.05 to 29.20, and salts thereof (heading 29.22). This heading also excludes substitution derivatives where one or more hydrogen atoms of the amine function have been replaced by one or more halogens, sulpho (-SO3H), nitro (-NO2) or nitroso (-NO) groups or by any combination thereof.
Diazotisable amines and their salts of this heading diluted to standard strengths for the production of azo-dyes are also included here.(A) ACYCLIC MONOAMINES AND THEIR DERIVATIVES; SALTS THEREOF (1) Methylamine (CH3NH2). Colourless, inflammable gas with a strong, ammoniacal odour; used for preparing organic dyes and in the tanning industry, etc. (2) Dimethylamine ((CH3)2NH), similar to methylamine; used in organic synthesis, as a vulcanisation accelerator. (3) Trimethylamine ((CH3)3N), similar to methylamine; used in organic synthesis. (4) Ethylamine. (5) Diethylamine. (6) Allylisopropylamine. (B) ACYCLIC POLYAMINES AND THEIR DERIVATIVES; SALTS THEREOF (1) Ethylenediamine (H2NCH2CH2NH2). Caustic, colourless liquid with a faint ammoniacal odour; its salts. (2) Hexamethylenediamine (H2N(CH2)6NH2) and its salts. Crystals, needles, or elongated plates with a characteristic odour. Has a toxic action on the skin and causes lesions; used for the manufacture of man-made fibres (polyamides). (C) CYCLANIC, CYCLENIC OR CYCLOTERPENIC MONO- OR POLYAMINES, AND THEIR DERIVATIVES; SALTS THEREOF
These include cyclohexylamine, dimethylaminocyclohexane, etc. (D) AROMATIC MONOAMINES AND THEIR DERIVATIVES; SALTS THEREOF (1) Aniline (C6H5NH2) (phenylamine) and its salts. Aniline is a colourless, oily liquid with a faint aromatic odour. It is extensively used in the preparation of dyes, pharmaceutical products, etc.
Aniline derivatives, largely used as intermediates for dyes, include : (a) Halogenated derivatives : chloroanilines. (b) Sulphonated derivatives : m- and p-aminobenzenesulphonic acids (e.g., sulphanilic acid). (c) Nitrated derivatives : nitroanilines, etc. (d) Nitrosated derivatives in which one or more hydrogen atoms (other than those of the amine function) have been replaced by one or more nitroso groups (e.g., nitrosoaniline, methyl nitrosoaniline). (e) Sulphohalogenated, nitrohalogenated and nitrosulphonated derivatives. (f) Alkyl derivatives (N-methylaniline and N,N-dimethylaniline; N-ethylaniline and
N,N-diethylaniline). (2) Toluidines. (3) Diphenylamine ((C6H5)2NH) a secondary amine. Crystallises in small colourless leaves; used in organic synthesis (dyes, etc.). (4) 1-Naphthylamine (a-naphthylamine) (C10H7NH2). Crystallises in white needles, but may also occur as masses or crystalline flakes, white or brownish; has an agreeable and penetrating odour. Turns pale violet when exposed to light. Used in organic synthesis and for the flotation of copper ores, etc. (5) 2-Naphthylamine (b-naphthylamine) (C10H7NH2). White powder or nacreous flakes, odourless; used in organic synthesis (dyes, etc.). This product is carcinogenic and should be handled with care. (6) Xylidines. (7) Amfetamine (INN) (Amphetamine). (E) AROMATIC POLYAMINES AND THEIR DERIVATIVES; SALTS THEREOF (1) o-, m-, p-Phenylenediamine (C6H4(NH2)2). (a) o-Phenylenediamine. Colourless monoclinic crystals; darkens in air. (b) m-Phenylenediamine. Colourless needles becoming red in air. (c) p-Phenylenediamine. White to light purple crystals. (2) Diaminotoluenes (CH3C6H3(NH2)2). (3) N-Alkylphenylenediamines, for example N,N-Dimethyl-p-phenylenediamine. (4) N-Alkyltolylenediamines, for example N,N-Diethyl-3,4-tolylenediamine. (5) Benzidine (H2NC6H4C6H4NH2). Shiny, white crystalline flakes with an agreeable odour. Used for preparing dyestuffs, and in analytical chemistry. (6) Polyamines. Derived from di- and triphenylmethane and their homologues; their derivatives (tetramethyl- and tetraethyl-diaminodiphenylmethane, etc.). (7) Amino- and diaminodiphenylamines. (8) Diaminostilbene.
Certain substances of this heading, which are regarded as psychotropic substances under international instruments, are indicated in the list appearing at the end of Chapter 29. Subheading Explanatory Note. Subheadings 2921.42 to 2921.49
Hydrocarbon derivatives of an aromatic monoamine are derivatives obtained by the substitution of one or both hydrogens of the amine nitrogen only by an alkyl or cycloalkyl group. Substituents with one or more aromatic nuclei, whether or not linked to amine nitrogen by an alkyl chain, are therefore excluded.
Thus, for example, xylidine should be classified in subheading 2921.49 as "Other" aromatic monoamine and not as a derivative of aniline (subheading 2921.42) or of toluidine (subheading 2921.43).
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