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(A) Whereas the apparatus of the previous heading is designed for projecting enlarged animated images on a screen, the instruments of this heading are designed for projecting still images. The most common type is the projection lantern (or diascope) which is used to project the image of a transparent object (slide or transparency). It uses two lenses : one, the condenser, forms an image of the light source on the second lens, called the projection lens. The transparency is placed between the two lenses so that the projection lens forms an image of the transparency on the screen. A high power light source is used, the light from which is concentrated by a reflector. Slides may be changed manually, semi-automatically (by means of an electromagnet or by a motor controlled by the operator) or automatically (by means of a timer).
Certain diascopes (overhead projectors) have a large object field for the projection of written or printed texts on transparent positives.
The episcope is an image projector designed to throw on to a screen an enlarged image of a brightly illuminated opaque object. A source of light is directed on to the surface of the object and the light reflected from that surface is projected by a lens on to a screen.
The epidiascope is a projector which can be used either as a diascope or as an episcope.
The heading includes slide projectors and other still image projectors as used in schools, lecture rooms, etc.; spectrum projectors; instruments for projecting radiographs; magnifying microfilm, microfiche or other microform readers, whether or not subsidiarily used for photocopying these documents; and the projection apparatus used in the preparation of printing plates or cylinders.
The heading also includes projectors incorporating a small screen on which an enlarged image of the slide is projected. (B) The heading also includes photographic (other than cinematographic) enlargers and reducers. These usually consist of a light source, a diffusing screen or a condensing lens, a negative holder, one or more objectives with a focussing device (often automatic), and an easel for supporting the sensitised paper; these parts are mounted on an adjustable vertical or horizontal support.
Photographic enlargers and reducers of the type used in the preparation of printing plates or cylinders for the printing industry are also classified in this heading. ㅇ ㅇㅇ
The above-mentioned apparatus is classified in this heading whether or not presented with optical parts. The optical elements presented separately are excluded (heading 90.01 or 90.02, as the case may be). PARTS AND ACCESSORIES
Subject to the provisions of Notes 1 and 2 to this Chapter (see the General Explanatory Note), this heading also covers parts and accessories of the goods of this heading. Such parts and accessories include bodies, frames and supports, enlarger masking frames, microfilm or microfiche feeders. ㅇ ㅇㅇ
The heading also excludes : (a) Halftone or similar printing screens (headings 37.05, 90.01, 90.02, etc., as the case may be). (b) Microfilm photocopying apparatus incorporating an optical system, with a small glass image positioning screen (heading 84.43). (c) Apparatus for the projection of circuit patterns on sensitised semiconductor materials ( projection mask alignment ) (heading 84.86). (d) Projectors, projection panels, display units or monitors (heading 85.28). (e) Cinematographic reducers and enlargers (for example, those used for making a copy, on film, of an original film of a different size) (heading 90.10) (f) Compound optical microscopes provided with means for projecting the image (heading 90.11). (g) Slide viewers fitted with a single magnifying lens and used for examining photographic slides (heading 90.13). (h) Photogrammetrical distortion-correcting ( restitution ) apparatus (heading 90.15). (ij) Profile projectors (heading 90.31). (k) Toy magic lanterns (heading 95.03).
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