Coal gas is obtained by the distillation of coal in the absence of air, usually in gas works or coke ovens. It is a complex mixture of hydrogen, methane, carbon monoxide, etc., and is used for lighting or heating purposes.
The heading includes the gas produced by underground gasification and also water gas, producer gas and similar gases, for example blast-furnace gas. It also covers mixtures of gases formed by cracking or reforming of mineral oils, petroleum gases or natural gases, usually in the presence of steam. These mixtures are similar in composition to coal gas and are used for heating or lighting purposes and in the synthesis of chemicals, e.g., methanol, ammonia. In the latter case, they are sometimes called synthesis gas . However, the heading excludes the gases specified in heading 27.11.
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